Pea

Floral biology and breeding techniques

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2. INTRODUCTION
•Scientific Name : Pisumsativum
•Family : Leguminaceae
•Chromosome No.: 2n = 2x= 14
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3. IMPORTANCE
•Fresh peas are consumed as vegetable
•Peas are mostly grown for dry seeds
•Consumed in fresh form and various processed
forms like freezed, canned etc.
•It is rich source of carbohydrates, proteins,
vitamins[A,C &B-complex] ,Ca & Mg.
•It is used in genetic studies.
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4. ORIGIN & DISTRIBUTION
•Origin: Southwest Asia & Northeast Africa
•Distribution: it is cool season crop, grown all
over the world, but widely grown in USA,
Mexico, China, & Medeterranian countries.
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5. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
•Kingdom : Plantae
•Division : Magnoliophyta
•Class : Magnoliospida
•Order : Fabales
•Subfamily : Faboideae
•Tribe : Vicieae
•Genus : Pisum
•Species : sativum
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6. SUB SPECIES
•P.sativum subsp. abyssiniam
•P.sativum subsp. asiatium
•P.sativum subsp. elatius
•P.sativum subsp. sativum
•P.sativum subsp. transcaucasium
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7. FLORAL BIOLOGY
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FLORAL
BIOLOGY
FLORAL
MORPHOLOGY
FLORAL
ANTHESIS

8. THE FLOWER
•It is having typical papilionaceousflower
•Flower consists of 5 sepals[fused],5 petals
comprising of one standard, two wings & two
keel petals[boat shaped].
•Androeciumconsists of 10 stamens, the
filaments of 9 fused at the base to form the
staminalcolumn & one free[diadelphous].
•Gynoeciumconsists of a pistil with style
borne laterally on the ovary.
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11. FLORAL BIOLOGY
•Chasmogamous flower.
•Stigma becomes receptive 1-2 days earlier to
flower opening .
•Anthers dehiscence takes place just before
flower opening.
•The stigma is covered with full of pollen grains
at the time of flower opening.
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13. ANTHESIS
•Starts in morning around 6 am and continues till 11 am
•Maximum flower opening –11am to 5 pm
•Pollen viability 5-6 hrs.
•Stigma receptivity for 1-2 days.
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14. POLLINATION
•It is predominantly a self pollinated crop
because of chasmogamous nature.
▫Only 0.5 to 3% cross
pollination can occure due to
insects
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15. SELFING TECHNIQUES
•Bagging of young flower bud to prevent natural
out crossing by visiting insects.
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17. CROSSING TECHNIQUES
•Includes
▫Emasculation
▫Pollen collection
▫Artificial pollination
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18. SELECTION OF FLOWER BUD
•Select a bud in which anthesis will
commence 12 -16 hours later
•Petals just out of the bud
•Corolla colour is slight yellow or even
paler
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19. EMASCULATION
•It is the removal of male part from the
bisexual flower.
•Use sharp forceps & needles.
•Remove wing and keel petal with the
help of forceps and then remove
anthers
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20. POLLINATION…
•Take well opened flower.
•Gently push the back of the flower & get the
pollens.
•Then put pollens on emasculated flower.
•Then bag it.
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23. ARTIFICIAL POLLINATION…
•Success rate –33%
•Depends upon temperature and humidity
•Emasculation carried out before noon
•Pollinate the emasculeted flowers on the
same day or following day
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