Peace, Conflict and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Processes

Conflict-affected countries dealing with national defense issues, the deaths and suffering of their people, and a fragile peace environment might find it challenging to prioritize climate change action. However, ignoring their adaptation needs while striving to promote peace would be a mistake, as there are close links between climate change and fragility.

1. Peace, Conflict and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Processes   WEBINAR June 25, 2024

2. Welcome! Housekeeping Details This meeting will be 60 minutes long Please put your name and organization in the chat box to introduce yourself  Today’s discussions will be recorded. Video and slides will be shared publicly after the event. Simultaneous translation into French and Spanish is available

3. About the NAP Global Network What we do: Our goal: Enhance national adaptation planning and action in developing countries   Support national-level action on NAP development & implementation. Help countries learn from each other through South-South peer learning and exchange.           developing countries have received direct technical support​. 65 Over people from 70+ countries have participated in peer learning and exchanges. 600 Generate, synthesize, & share knowledge on NAP processes. Over knowledge materials have been produced . 300

4. Speakers Alec  Crawford Director , Nature for Resilience, IISD/ NAP Global Network Gerty Pierre Director of Climate Change Ministry of Environment, Haiti Prakash Bista Technical Specialist , Adaptation Planning, UNDP Climate Hub Katharina Schmidt Policy Advisor, NAP Global Network Moderators Orville Grey Head of Secretariat, NAP Global Network

5. Agenda Presentations ( 30 mins total) Peacebuilding and the NAP Process (Alec Crawford, IISD/NAP Global Network) NAPs, Peace and Stability in Haiti ( Gerty Pierre, Ministry of Environment, Haiti ) UNDP support for peacebuilding and NAP processes  ( Prakash Bista, NAP Technical Specialist, UNDP ) Audience Q&A ( 20 mins) Closing remarks (5 mins)

6. New Guidance on Peace, Conflict and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process Context : Draws from IISD’s Resilience 15+ years expertise working on the climate/conflict nexus Launch : US Center at COP28, “Advancing Resilience and Peacebuilding in a Changing Climate“ Why now ? Growing attention to adaptation in fragile and/or conflict-affected states; most focus on finance but growing attention on action Aim of the guidance : To support NAP teams in conflict-affected contexts to advance their NAP processes in a way that understands and responds to potential and existing peace and conflict dynamics, and to align NAPs and peacebuilding objectives.

7. Communities and states affected by fragility, conflict, and instability are acutely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Can be difficult to prioritize adaptation action, but not doing so can present additional risks Conflict and climate risks often share the same drivers and can be mutually reinforcing Adaptation can help break a vicious cycle Climate Adaptation in Conflict-affected States

8. Climate Vulnerability and Fragility Source: Fund for Peace, 2023; ND-GAIN, 2021.

9. Conflict and peacebuilding in multi-sector NAPs submitted to the UNFCCC as of June 24, 2024 KEY FINDINGS

10. “By increasing poverty, displacement, immobility and eroding social networks, conflicts contribute to the vulnerability of marginalized populations. Moreover, climate change could be a contributing factor to future conflicts, especially with regard to the scarcity of productive land and the lack of water.”

11. The impacts of climate change, if unaddressed, “could undo the hard-fought gains our country has achieved in terms of building peace and unity”

12. A central objective of the livestock sector adaptation plan includes “promoting lasting social peace by reducing tensions relating to pastoral conflict.”

13. “This NAP incorporates perspectives and insights concerning reducing the risks of climate change-driven social unrest and insecurity, and one of the key guiding principles of this NAP is integrating climate change adaptation considerations into the nation-building and recovery process.”

14. “A healthy and resilient agriculture sector is critical for long-term peace and development. Therefore, incorporating climate change considerations into agriculture sector planning and investment indirectly contributes to peace and reconciliation in South Sudan.”

15. Focus on medium and long-term time horizons Shared drivers of risk and vulnerability Participative, country-owned and driven processes. Centrality of strengthened governance Peacebuilding and the NAP Process

16. Source: NAP GN (2023). Guidance looks at: Six enabling factors Entry points throughout the NAP process …with practical examples where possible. The NAP process, peace and conflict

17. Enabling factors for aligning NAPs and peacebuilding Capacity development Capacity around peacebuilding Capacity on adaptation Leadership Mandate Resources Prioritization Data, knowledge & communications Addressing gaps in current and future climate and its impacts Institutional arrangements Rebuilding connections Coordination with peacebuilding Stakeholder engagement Different types of stakeholders Different approach to engagement Financing More funding to fragile contexts

18. Enabling factors for aligning NAPs and peacebuilding Capacity development Capacity around peacebuilding Capacity on adaptation Leadership Mandate Resources Prioritization Data, knowledge & communications Addressing gaps in current and future climate and its impacts Institutional arrangements Rebuilding connections Coordination with peacebuilding Stakeholder engagement Different types of stakeholders Different approach to engagement Financing More funding to fragile contexts

19. According to UNDP and the Climate Security Mechanism, of the US$14b in international climate financing delivered from 2014-2021: International Climate Financing, 2014-2021 Non-fragile states: $161.70/person Fragile states: $10.80/person Extremely fragile states: $2.10/person

20. Enabling factors for aligning NAPs and peacebuilding Capacity development Capacity around peacebuilding Capacity on adaptation Leadership Mandate Resources Prioritization Data, knowledge & communications Addressing gaps in current and future climate and its impacts Institutional arrangements Rebuilding connections Coordination with peacebuilding Stakeholder engagement Different types of stakeholders Different approach to engagement Financing More funding to fragile contexts

21. The spectrum of conflict-sensitive adaptation interventions Sources : Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN [FAO], 2020; Interpeace , 2021; UNICEF, 2016a

22. Conflict-sensitive NAPs National Adaptation Plan processes that integrate conflict and peacebuilding considerations into their design, implementation and MEL to ensure that adaptation programming does not exacerbate conflict dynamics, but rather that it actively enhances and promotes peacebuilding.

23. Entry-points for integrating conflict sensitivity

24. Entry-points for integrating conflict sensitivity

25. Gerty Pierre Director of Climate Change Ministry of Environment, Haiti

26. CLIMATE ACTIONS CLIMATE SECURITY HAITI Mrs. Gerty Pierre CC Director MoE Haiti

27. Haiti Climate security report Country profile - Vulnerability Haiti is a low-income country (LIC), a least-developed country (LDC) and It is one of 8 small island developing states (SIDS) ranking 163 (out of 190) in the 2022 Human Development Index. Floods : The greatest threat to Haiti. Haiti has experienced 65 major flood events between 1959 and 2022. / Hurricanes : Haiti has experienced over 36 hurricanes and storms since 1954. / Earthquakes : The 2010 Haiti earthquake killed between 100,000 and 316,000 people. / Other natural hazards: Cyclones, droughts, and landslides. Political instability, corruption, violence, insecurity and extreme vulnerability to natural disasters stand in the way of economic and social development. Development in Haiti is guided by the Strategies Plan Développement d’Haïti (PSDH), adopted in 2012, while Haiti adopted in 2015 the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

28. Climate security-Haiti POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS Haiti is in the middle of a deep crisis: Food insecurity is at an unprecedented level: a record 4.9 million people are currently facing acute hunger. Humanitarian aid is needed by more than 42 percent of the Haitian population. Armed gangs control most of the Haitian capital, and increasingly other urban centers, using violent tactics, including rape and sexual and gender-based violence. The Haitian economy has been contracting for four consecutive years and inflation is the highest in a decade, leading to a huge increase in the cost of living. The assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in 2021 plunged the country into political chaos. Across Haiti, climate change and environmental pressures have contributed to violence and insecurity in multiple ways, and this is expected to continue or further increase as the impacts of climate change worsen. five interrelated climate security pathways that affect food systems, livelihoods, and community relations and social cohesion in Haiti, compounding insecurity and violence: Disasters caused by natural shocks induced by climate change exacerbate pre-existing governance problems. The effects of climate change and environmental degradation are driving people to adopt harmful adaptation practices and amplifying competition for natural resources. Climate change and environmental degradation are causing an increasing number of people to leave their communities and families, weakening coping mechanisms based on social cohesion and mutual aid. Climate and environmental pressures threaten livelihoods and protection systems, especially for youth and children, exposing them to violence, exploitation and abuse. Institutional fragility and widespread violence hinder the implementation of effective climate change adaptation and undermine the country's access to climate-critical financing opportunities.

29. Recent Efforts in Adaptation and climate actions National and international actors have undertaken several attempts to begin to address climate and environmental security risks. However, some of them have sparked additional grievances in certain segments of Haitian society. Sometimes this results in open and violent resistance against the state and international actors. That said, many Haitians are finding ways to adapt themselves and organizing around the need to find solutions that work for them, tackling the worst excesses of climate change impacts. Answers to climate security challenges “How can we convince people to protect and restore natural environments when their main concern is finding enough food to survive, or rebuilding their homes after yet another disaster? People have bigger problems than thinking about nature.” Interview with a Haitian environmentalist.

30. Answers to climate security challenges Haitian institutional and policy responses: The Haitian government has published important climate change adaptation strategies in various sectors, but their implementation is often delayed due to budgetary constraints or limited human resources. The links between climate and security remain unclear in government responses. Environmental management is rarely a priority for local Haitians due to competing priorities or simply trying to survive, making environmental conservation, restoration, awareness and enforcement difficult. International responses Humanitarian aid generally does not integrate climate and environmental challenges and is even less linked to the construction of long-term peace and security. However, there is growing awareness of the need to do so, and some UN agencies and international NGOs are working to add an explicit perspective on climate and peacebuilding to their work. Climate finance is reaching Haiti, but the amounts are far from sufficient. There is a particular gap in funding to help people adapt.

31. Answers to climate security challenges Presentation Title 32 Local Responses: First responders after a disaster are typically neighbors, family, friends, congregants, and grassroots organizations, often focused on finding methods of adaptation and recovery. Haitian community and civil society organizations work to restore and protect the natural environment, notably through reforestation and conservation projects, but rarely establish clear links between climate and peacebuilding.

32. Thank you Climate Security Mrs. Gerty Pierre CC Director MoE of Haiti 33

33. Prakash Bista Technical Specialist , Adaptation Planning, UNDP Climate Hub

34. Question and Answer Please write your questions in the chat in English, French, or Spanish. Questions- réponses Veuillez écrire vos questions dans le boîte de clavardage en français, en anglais, ou en inglés . Preguntas y respuestas Escriba sus preguntas en el chat en inglés, francés o español.

35. Thank you! Email: [email protected] Website: www.napglobalnetwork.org @ NAP_Network NAP Global Network National Adaptation Plan Global Network