Pengantar Semiotics linguistik dalam ilmu

Pengantar Semiotics linguistik dalam ilmu

1. SEMIOTICS SEMIOTIKA (A Compilation from several sources) Dadang Sudana Program Studi Linguistik Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

2. Beberapa ‘ tanda /sign’ dalam keseharian :

3. The Empiricist: Mind - A blank slate (John Locke 17 th philosopher). “All ideas are derived from direct sensory experience. Once intelligence has been acquired, then new types of ideas, including those of an abstract nature, can be derived from thinking about sensory experiences” (Steinberg,1993:135). How do ideas (as knowledge) get into our minds?

4. “However, as far back as aristotle up to the present, there are people who believe that we must be born with something in the mind and that not everything can be derived from sensory experience. Piaget, for example, holds a view that at birth there are ‘undifferentiated schemas’ in the mind and that with experience intelligence develop out of these schemas” (Steinberg, 1993: 135).

5. “Putnam also holds that ideas/knowledge is the product of intelligence but for him it is innate and begins to operate with the life experiences of the child. We are born with ‘general multi-purpose learning strategy’ (GMPLS). Intelligence is not knowledge itself but is a means for acquiring knowledge, and since all knowledge is to be derived from experience (after birth), Putnam thus falls squarely within the empiricist camp” (Steinberg, 1993: 136).

6. The Rationalist : “Basic knowledge is already in the mind at birth. Plato (4 th BC), Descartes (17 th ) – it is only through reason and the stimulus of relevant experience that such knowledge comes alive In the mind. As such, experience does not provide knowledge but rather serves to activate the knowledge that is already there. Reason or logic is the means whereby the latent knowledge is brought to life, and made available for use. Thus, for example, the ideas of ‘justice’ ( plato ), ‘god’ and ‘perfection’ ( descartes ), a ‘triangle’ ( leibnitz ) and others like ‘circle’ and ‘infinity’ are regarded innate.’ (Steinberg, 1993: 136 - 137)

7. What is Semiotics? Semiotics is the study of signs. A sign is something that stands for something other than itself.

8. Sign A sign is an entity which signifies another entity.

9. Sign A sign is an entity which signifies another entity. We make meanings through our creation and interpretation of signs.

10. Sign Whether something is a sign depends on a sentient entity ascribing it with meaning.

11. Sign Whether something is a sign depends on a sentient entity ascribing it with meaning.

12. Sign Whether something is a sign depends on a sentient entity ascribing it with meaning. “leaf”

13. Sign Whether something is a sign depends on a sentient entity ascribing it with meaning. ?

14. Sign Nothing is a sign unless it is interpreted as a sign. Anything can be a sign as long as it is interpreted as signifying something by a sentient being.

15. Two main approaches: Ferdinand de Saussure 1857-1913 Charles Sander Pierce 1839-1914

16. Saussure Saussure believed that signs do not represent reality but construct it. We come to know the world through language. Signs reflect the system they are found in. The relationship between the sign/signifier is not a matter of personal choice. “It is because the sign is arbitrary that it knows no law other than tradition.”

17. Representamen is physical, sensual Interpretant is meaning from decoding representamen Triadic Model (Peirce) Object in the real world or speaker’s mind

18. Index: The signifier is not arbitrary but is connected to the signified in some way either physically or causally.

19. Index: “I smell smoke!” The smell of smoke could be said to signify fire. It is not arbitrary but directly connected to the thing it signifies.

20. Icon: The signifier is not totally arbitrary but resembles the signified in some way.

21. Icon: A cartoon.

22. Icon: A portrait.

23. Icon: Sounds that mimic such as Onomatopoeia.

24. Symbol: The signifier is totally arbitrary and conventional.

25. Symbol: Words and numbers in general fit into this category. There is no reason why “2” should represent what it does. The same is true for the word “tree”. Both come to mean what they do through cultural convention. What about the roman numeral II ? Is it a symbol?

26. Pierce had many (read hundreds) different types of sign but the three most important are: Indexes Icons Symbols

27. Barths Connotation Denotation Myth

28. Barths Denotation : Refers to the commonsense meaning of a sign. A photograph of a dog denotes a dog. Connotation : Describes the interaction that occurs between the subjective user and their culture. The photograph of the dog is taken in a way to appear sad.

29. Barths Myth: It is the dominate ideology of or time. It is when connotations become “naturalized”.