Penicillin:cephlaosporins 3rd generation

Ppt which describes the cephalosporins of 3rd generation , they antibiotics contain 8 drugs within it

1. Seminar topic : PENICILLIN (SEMISYNTHETIC) CEPHALOSPORINS 3 rd GENERATION MKSSS SITABAI NARGUNDKAR COLLEGE OF NURSING FOR WOMEN , NAGPUR

2. Introduction They are antibiotics chemically related to penicillins. Third generation medications used in the management and treatment of gram negative and ground positive organisms. Derived by cephalosprins-C , this is isolated by guy Newton and Edward Abraham.

3. Definition “ Any of group of widely used broad spectrum antibiotics originally isolated as a product of fermentation from the fungus cephalosporium acremonium are called cephalosporins .”

4. Classification Cefdinir Cefditoren pinoxil Cefixime Cefotaxime Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftriaxone

5. Uses Cephalosporin third generation are used to treat Intra abdominal infection Central nervous system infection Skin and soft tissues infection Urinary track infection Lower respiratory tract infection Gynecological infections Bone and joint infections Sepsis ( a life threatening complication of an infection)

6. Action Inhibit cell wall synthesis Reuders cell wall osmotically unstable Leads to cell death

7. Indications 1. Cefdinir : a third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible gram negative and gram positive bacterial infection. 2. Cefditoren pinoxide : broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin in antibiotic typically used to treat bacterial infections of skin and respiratory tract. Cefixime : a third generation cephalosporins used to treat susceptible gram negative and gram positive bacterial infections.

8. Cefotaxime : a third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible gram negative and gram positive bacterial infections. Cefpodoxime : a third generation cephalosporin is antibiotic used to treat of various bacteria infections including gonorrhea community acquired pneumonia and sinusitis. Ceftazidime : used to treat or prevent a variety of infections including pneumonia gynecological infections phone and joint infections .

9. 7. Ceftibuten : this commonly used to treatment of acute bacterial exaurbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB) ,acute bacterial otitis media, pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 8. Ceftriaxone : used to the treatment of bacterial infections in various locations such as in the respiratory tract, skin, soft tissues and urinary tract.

10. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to cephalosphorins Infants less than 1 month Pregnant woman's Breastfeeding mothers Children’s Hyper sensitivity to penicillins Gastro intestinal or renal diseases Geriatric patients Pseudo- membranous colitis Viral infections Vitamin k deficiency Diabetes mellitus

11. Dosage and routes Cefdinir: In adults and children’s – orally 300 mg. In children’s (6months to 12 years). – orally 7mg/kg or 14mg/kg Available forms : cap. 300 mg , syrup 125mg , 250mg/ 5ml. 2. Cefditoren pinoxide : Adults – orally 200-400 mg. Available forms : Tablets 200 , 400 mg. Cefixime: In mild to moderate pharyngitis, tonsillitis, brocholitis , In adults , child , adolescents – 400mg (orally) infants less than 8 months – orally 8mg/kg.

12. Available forms – Tablets 400mg, powder for oral suryp 100mg/5ml. 4. Cefotaxime: In adults , adolescents- IV/Im -1-2g. . Available forms: powder for injections 500mg. Cefpodoxime : In pneumonia , adults – orally 200mg. In skin and skin structure, adults – orally 400mg. In pharyngitis and tonsillitis , adults – orally 100mg . Child 5months – orally 5mg/kg. . Available forms: tabs100, 200mg, granules for Syrups 50 mg, 100 mg/ 5ml.

13. 6. Ceftazidime: In adults – IV /IM 1-2g . Child –IV 30-50mg/kg . Available forms : injection 200-500 mg , 1,2,6g. 7. Ceftibuten: Adults – orally 400mg . Child 6 months-12 years- orally 9mg/kg. . Available forms : capsule 400mg, syrup 90, 180mg/5ml. 8. Ceftriaxone: Adults –Im/Iv 1-2 mg/day. . Child – IM/IV 50-75 mg/kg day. . Available forms : injection 250-500 mg , 1-10 g

14. Drug interactions Many of them should not be used with calcium salt or H2 blockers antacids. - INCREASES: Cyclosporine levels Bleeding Toxicity -Decreases: Absorption of cefdinir iron Absorption of iron rich cereal.

15. Side effects Abdominal pain Diarrhea Injection site inflammation Nausea and vomiting Skin rash Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Decrease appetite Swelling of tongue and throat Difficulty in breathing

16. Serious side effects Major hypersensitivity Drugged induce immune hemolytic anemia pseudomembraneous colitis ( swelling or inflammation of the large intestine) Suppression of gut flora that leads to reduction in vitamin k synthesis Bleeding

17. Adverse effects Cephalosporins are one of the leading cause of perioperative anaphylaxis and severe cutaneous adhere reactions. Less severe adhere effects include . - stomach discomfort . - Nausea or vomiting . - Diarrhea . - fungal infections - injection site reactions

18. Toxicity Cephalosporin have low toxicity and are generally safe. The most common adhere reactions from cephalosporin are nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, and abdominal pain, etc.

19. Role of nurses Assess – sensitivity to cephalosphorins. Nephrotoxicity – increased BUN , creatinine, urine output. Blood studies – AST, ALT, CBC, LDH, bilirubin, alkaline phosphate. Electrolytes – potassium, sodium , chloride Anaphylaxis – Rash , urticarial, pruritus, chills , fever, joint pain Bleeding – gums , hematuria, stool guaiac. Monitor heart rate during direct Iv infusion . Family, patient education.

20. Bibliography Mosby’s 2018 Nursing drug reference, first South Asia edition Author – Linda skiduore Roth Page no. 232-240. Satoskar , Bhandarkar , ainapure pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics 18 th edition popular prakashan. M.M Das. Pharmacology, books and allied private limited 4 edition 2001.