Peptic Ulcer: Types, Treatment, Drug Classification, Mechanism of Action & Side Effects

B. PHARMACY
6TH SEM
TOPIC: Peptic Ulcer

1. Peptic Ulcer: Types , Treatment, Drug Classification, Mechanism of Action & Side Effects MR. JAGDEEP SINGH

2. INTRODUCTION:- Peptic ulcer is a sore or lesion that forms on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. It occurs when the protective mucus is damaged , allowing stomach acid to irritate the tissue.

3. THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF PEPTIC ULCERS:- 1. Gastric ulcer:- These form in the stomach. 2. Duodenal ulcer:- These develop in the upper part of the small intestine , called the duodenum.

4. COMMON CAUSES:- Helicobacter pylori infection:- A bacterial infection that can damage the stomach lining. Use of (NSAIDs):- Prolonged use of medications like aspirin and ibuprofen can reduce the stomach’s ability to protect itself from acid. Stress and spicy food:- While they do not directly cause ulcers, they can irritate existing ulcers or contribute to symptoms. Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking:- These habits can worsen and contribute to ulcer formation.

5. SYMPTOMS:- Burning stomach pain. Bloating and indigestion. Nausea and vomiting. Loss of appetite. Burping or belching. Bloated stomach. TREATMENT:- Antibiotics:- To treat H. pylori infection. Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) or H2 blockers:- To reduce stomach acid production. Antacids or medications to coat the ulcer:- To protect the lining and relieve pain . Avoiding irritants:- Limiting alcohol, NSAIDs, and smoking.

6. ANTI-ULCER DRUGS:- Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to treat and manage ulcers, primarily in the stomach and ulcers. Classification

7. Proton pump inhibitors:- Mechanism of action:- Block the proton pump(H+/ K+ ATPase ) in gastric parietal cells, reducing stomach acid production. Side effects:- Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea. Uses:- Peptic ulcers, Gastro esophageal reflux disease(GERD). Zollinger -Ellison syndrome. Acid reflux Heart burn

8. H2 Receptor Antagonists:- Mechanism of action:- Block histamine H2 receptor on gastric parietal cells , reducing acid secretion. Side effects:- Drowsiness, Confusion, A rapid heart rate, Psychomotor agitation. Uses:- Mild to moderate ulcers, GERD, Prevention of stress-included ulcers.

9. Antacids:- Mechanism of action:- Neutralize existing stomach acid to provide quick symptoms relief. Side effects :- Diarrhea, Constipation, Calcium loss. Uses:- Symptomatic relief of ulcers and heartburn. Often used as over-the remedies.

10. Ulcer protective:- Mechanism of action:- Protect the gastric lining by forming a protective barrier or enhancing mucosal defense. Side effects:- Constipation, Headaches, Dizziness, Back pain, Hyperglycemia. Uses:- Peptic ulcers and prevention to NSAID-induced damage.

11. Antibiotics:- Mechanism of action:- Exerts bacterial activity via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more of the penicillin binding proteins. Side effects:- Rashes, Skin blisters, Itching, Wheezing, Difficulty swallowing or breathing. Uses:- To treat infection caused by H. pylori bacteria.