Perception of Form presentation by Khan Rukayya.pptx

Perception of Form

1. Perception of Form Understanding How We See Shapes and Structures Khan Rukaya

2. Table of Contents What is Perception Introduction Basics of Form Perception Depth Perception Perceptual Constancies Conclusion

3. What is Perception? Perception is the set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensa­tions we receive from environmental stimuli (Epstein & Rogers, 1 995; Goodale, 2000a, 2000b; Kosslyn & Osherson, 1995; Marr, 1982; Pomerantz, 2003 ).

4. Introduction Perception is the process by which we interpret sensory information to understand the world around us. Form perception specifically refers to how we perceive shapes, structures, and objects in our environment. This presentation will explore the principles and mechanisms underlying form perception and its importance in various domains.

5. Perception is the brain’s process of organizing and interpreting sensory information received from the environment. It involves the integration of sensory input from multiple modalities, including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Examples of perception include recognizing familiar faces, interpreting spoken language, and navigating through space.

6. Basics of Form Perception Form perception is the ability to perceive the shapes and structures of objects in our environment. It involves the brain’s processing of visual information to detect edges, contours, and patterns. Key principles and theories, such as Gestalt principles, play a crucial role in organizing visual elements into meaningful forms.

7. Before you recognized the figure as a cow, you correctly sensed all aspects of the figure. But you had not yet organized those sensations to form a mental percept-that is, a mental representation of a stimulus that is perceived.

8. Without such a percept of the cow, you could not meaningfully grasp what you previously had sensed. The preceding examples show that sometimes we cannot perceive what does ex­ist. At other times, however, we perceive things that do not exist.

9. If you look very closely at each of the panels. You will see that the triangles are not really all there. The black that constitutes the center triangle in the left panel looks darker, or blacker, than the surrounding black. But it is not. Nor is the white central triangle in the right panel any brighter, or whiter, than the surrounding white. Both central triangles are optical illusions. They involve the perception of visual information not physically present in the visual sensory stimulus. So, sometimes we do not perceive what is there. Other times, we perceive what is not there.

10. Depth Perception Depth perception is the ability to perceive the relative distance and spatial relationships between objects in a three-dimensional space. Binocular cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, provide depth information based on the disparity between the images projected onto each retina. Monocular cues, such as linear perspective and texture gradient, offer depth information based on cues available to each eye individually.

11. Perceptual Constancies Perceptual constancy is the tendency to perceive objects as maintaining stable properties (e.g., size, shape, color) despite changes in sensory input. Perceptual constancy occurs when our perception of an object remains the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes (Gillam, 2000).

12. For example, picture yourself walking across campus to your cognitive psychology class. Suppose that two students are standing outside the door. They are chatting as you approach. As you get closer to the door, the amount of space on your retina devoted to images of those students becomes increasingly large. On the one hand, this proximal sensory evidence suggests that the students are becoming larger. On the other hand, you perceive that the students have remained the same size. Why?

13. Your classmates' perceived constancy in size is an example of perceptual con­stancy. The physical characteristics of the external distal object are probably not changing. But because we must be able to deal effectively with the external world, our percep­tual system has mechanisms that adjust our perception of the proximal stimulus. Thus, the perception remains constant although the proximal sensation changes.

14. Of the several kinds of perceptual constancies, here we consider two of the main constancies: size and shape constancies. Size constancy allows us to perceive an object as maintaining its size regardless of its distance from the observer. Your classmates’ perceived constancy in size is an example of perceptual constancy. Shape constancy enables us to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite changes in viewing angle or orientation. Shape constancy is the perception that an object maintains the same shape despite changes in the shape of the proximal stimulus.

15. In summary, form perception is the process of interpreting shapes, structures, and objects in our environment. Understanding the principles and mechanisms underlying form perception is crucial for various applications, from art, architecture, design to psychology. Conclusion:

16. The End Thank You for Listening