Perception of movement and time perception

Cognitive Psychology

1. Perception of Movement Time Perception Group No. 9

2. Preamble We have learn about color perception : color vision. We have discussed theories of color vision , after image , color blindness .

3. Learning Outcome After the completion of topic the participant is applicable for; to describe what is motion perception. to demonstrate the Types of motion perception. to explain Time perception to discuss about Factors Affecting Time Perception.

4. Motion Perception Motion perception is a far more complicated affair requiring higher level of perceptual In the brain to integrate and interpret the responses of different retinal cells over time. There seems to be a strong tendency for the visual system to take larger surrounding figure as the reference frame for the smaller figure inside it.

5. Motion Perception We have experienced induced motion many times; When moon is partially covered with clouds frequently look as if it is moving though a clouds when, in fact, it is the clouds that is moving past the moon. The surrounding clouds induces the perceived movement in the moon. While being in train that started moving very slowly, it look that it is the platform that is moving and not the train.

6. Motion Perception To detect motion in an object is called motion perception or perception of movement . When a stimulus changes its position with the passage of time, it is labeled as motion. We see this motion as flying Airplanes, Running vehicle. Likewise birds, Animals and human beings go place to place and change their location or space all is known as perception of movement .

7. Motion Perception Perception of movement involves the visual message from the eye and the kinetic message from the muscle. Movement can be two types: Real Movement Apparent Movement

8. Motion Perception Real Movement: When objects or stimuli actually change their position with the passage of time, it is known as real movement, weather this movements from humans, animals and other vehicles are easily observed, but bullet fired from a gun or the movement of clock hands can not observed easily, even they are called real movement.

9. Motion Perception Apparent Movement: This is another type of movement that is due to some higher level organization procedure for motion perception is called apparent motion Example: Phi-phenomenon Auto-kinetic

10. Motion Perception Phi-phenomenon: The simplest form of apparent motion is called the phi-phenomenon. It occurs when two stationary spots of light in different positions in the visual field are turned on and off alternately at a rate of about 4 to 5 times per second. Auto kinetic Effect: It is another form of apparent motion. A single stimulus is seen as moving.

11. Motion Perception Factors in perception of Movement: Speed, size and Distance are the factors which help in movement perception. Speed: When object is moving at high speed, its movement become visible e.g. it is difficult to perceive the movement of wings of fan when working, or bullet when fired due to speed.

12. Time Perception The study of time perception is a field with psychology cognitive linguistics and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience, or sense, of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration.

13. Time Perception We can perceive time very easily as we perform our duties according to a schedule. We have to observe the time of train, School, office , market etc. Each one of us has to perceive time irrespective of nature of job. We have watches, clocks and alarm everywhere. We don’t have to go anywhere to make our time perception accurate.

14. Time Perception Factors Affecting Time Perception : Subjective factors: Individual mental and physical state affects the time perception. If the individual is tired, sick, drunk or having emotional problem, his perception of time will be different. While waiting for someone taking an examination or busy in pleasurable activity, our time perception changes accordingly.

15. Time Perception Factors Affecting Time Perception : Objective factors: Environmental events, objects processes indicate or help us in perceiving time. Our cultural values are very important in this regard. A practical Muslim can easily perceive the time with reference of prayers. While living in villages where modern equipments are not as dominating as in cities, people pick the cues from location of sun, moon and stars for time perception.

16. Time Perception Form Perception: Perception is a comprehensive process in which we arrange and organize our sensory information. Gestalt psychologists stressed that human perceptual process is the indication of organization, that’s why whole is grater than its parts .

17. Time Perception Form Perception: The Gestalt Psychologists studied extensively form perception, or the perception of objects, shapes and patterns. Gestalt principles may be broken down into two categories: perceptual organization and depth perception. 

18. Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization Continuity : We tend to perceive figures or objects as belonging together if they appear to form a continuous pattern Closure: We perceive figures with gaps in them to be complete

19. Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization Similarity : We perceive figures which look alike as being grouped together Proximity: We perceive things close together as being in sets Pragnanz: We perceive reality in the simplest way rather than inferring complexity 

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2bj8PchVnM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsfAmUBeGDo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To-HBcjsUOk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcUoW1ek5zU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMZjN-DbIJ8 Reference