Perceptual organization & factors influencing perception

Perceptual organization...

1. Perceptual organization & factors influencing perception Purshottam , SRF, Department of Social Work, KUK

2. Perceptual organization It is the process by which we group outside stimuli into recognizable and identifiable patterns and whole objects. Perceptual organization is the ability to take in visual, auditory and sensory information and use that information effectively to accomplish a task. Without perceptual organization, we would not be able to distinguish a circle from a square . Certain factors are considered to be important contributors on assembling, organizing and categorizing information in the human brain. 2

3. Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization Gestalt psychology was founded by German thinkers Max Wertheimer, W. Kohler and Kurt Koffka and focused on how people interpret the world. According to Gestalt psychology, the whole is different than the sum of its parts. Based upon this belief, Gestalt psychologists developed a set of principles to explain perceptual organization, or how smaller objects are grouped to form larger ones. These principles are often referred to as the "laws of perceptual organization."

4. Figure is a typical textbook example of the principle of similarity, whereby we see the circles and triangles as forming four horizontal rows (or at least some configuration where triangles and circles are grouped depending on their shape).Objects similar to each other thus tend to be seen as a unit.

5. The logo of visitnorway.com can be viewed as both three separate elements of blue, green and navy colour . It may, however, also be viewed as a person stretching his/her arms into the air.

6. We perceive the MTV logo and the logo for the Europe Music Awards as forming a group in the top left corner and the logos of the sponsors as forming a group in the bottom right corner. The white space separating the two groups of logos is used to indicate 'grouping', and the proximity of the logos of each groups is thus used to this end. Thus, a separation of 'organizers' from 'sponsors' is achieved via structuring the graphical layout in accordance with this simple principle of perceptual organization.

7. The law of closure posits that we perceptually close up, or complete, objects that are not, in fact, complete. In the above, we perceive the letters 'I', 'B', and 'M' although the shapes we see, in fact, are only lines of white space of differing length hovering above each other. The typical textbook example of the law of closure; we perceive a circle and not 8 individual circles.

8. Factors influencing Perception Characteristics of the perceiver. Characteristics of the target. Characteristics of the situation. 16

9. Factors That Influence Perception All these factors will be discussed in the subsequently

10. Factors in the perceiver Attitude Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people or value. R eflect how we feel about something. Motives It reflects stimuli that cause to perform particular action .

11. Interest State that power , the force , which is reflected by persons behavior.

12. Expectations State that anticipation of a particular behavior from a person . Affects what a person perceives.

13. Experience Experience and knowledge serve as basis for perception. While one’s successful experience enhance his/her perceptive ability, failure erodes his/her self confidence. Successful experience also helps perceiver understand stimuli with more accuracy .

14. Factors in the situation Time Time perception is a construction of the brain that can also be manipulated and studied through a variety of experiments . What are the factors that affect your perception of how time passes? Level of fatigue Level of Concentration Depression & Happiness

15. Work setting

16. Social setting (How an individual perceives other) “Social perception is that part of perception that allows people to understand the other people in their social world.” Social perceptions can obviously be flawed - even skilled observers can misperceive, misjudge, and reach the wrong conclusions .

17. Factors in the target Try this exercise. Look at each umbrella image. Is the message of each image different? If so, what makes the message different?

18. Novelty :- N ovel or something unique or a peculiar idea is likely to attract anyone’s attention. white person or a black person in India catches attention faster.

19. Motion People gives more attention to moving objects than the stationery objects. Example: Moving object Stationery object

20. Sounds Sound level or noise level is a physical quantity measured with measuring instruments. Furthermore, for speech, music, and many other sounds, the physical characteristics of the sound produce hearing sensations in the listener. TV advertisement, Radio advertisement

21. Size Larger object is more likely to be noticed than a smaller Object. Example: Which you can read fast? God is great God is great

22. Thanks