Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES PRENATAL INFANCY EARLY CHILDHOOD LATE CHILDHOOD ADOLESCENCE EARLY ADULTHOOD MIDDLE AGE OLD AGE
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES First stage PRENATAL
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT (Conception-birth) Age when hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all body features, both external and internal are developed.
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT (Conception-birth) 1 Germinal Stage (week 1-2) From conception to two weeks, the zygote implants in the uterine wall, forming a blastocyst. 2 Embryonic Stage (week 3-8) From two to eight weeks, major organs and body systems develop, and the embryo becomes recognizable as a human. 3 Fetal Stage (week 9-birth) From eight weeks to birth, further growth and development occur, and the fetus gains weight and muscle mass .
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
INFANCY (0-2 years ) Foundation age when basic behavior is organized and many onto-genetic maturation skills are developed.
Infancy (0-2 years) 1 RAPID PHYSICAL GROWTH Infants grow rapidly in size and weight, developing motor skills like rolling, sitting, and walking.
Infancy (0-2 years) LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Infants begin to babble and coo, eventually developing the ability to understand and produce words .
Infancy (0-2 years) Attachment Formation Infants form strong emotional bonds with caregivers, which provide security and support.
Infancy (0-2 years) Social Development Infants learn to interact with others, developing social skills like smiling, laughing, and playing .
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Early Childhood (2-6 years) Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Pre-gang age, exploratory, and questioning. Language and Elementary reasoning are acquired and initial socialization is experienced.
Early Childhood (2-6 years) Physical Development Children refine their motor skills, becoming more coordinated and able to perform complex tasks, like drawing and writing.
Early Childhood (2-6 years) COGNITIVE Development Children develop symbolic thought, allowing them to use language and engage in pretend play, advancing their understanding of the world.
Early Childhood (2-6 years) SOCIAL Development Children learn to share, cooperate, and interact with others, developing friendships and social skills.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Middle Childhood (6-12 years) Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills, and play are developed.
Early Childhood (2-6 years) PHYSICAL Development Children continue to grow physically, their bodies become stronger and more coordinated, and they are increasingly capable of performing physical activities.
Early Childhood (2-6 years) COGNITIVE Development Children develop their cognitive skills, including problem-solving, reasoning, and memory, as they begin to engage in more abstract thinking. .
Early Childhood (2-6 years) SOCIAL Development Children develop social skills, forming peer groups and learning to navigate social situations, developing a sense of identity and self-esteem. . .
Early Childhood (2-6 years) EMOTIONAL Development Children develop emotional regulation, learning to understand and manage their emotions, and developing empathy and concern for others.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Adolescence (puberty -18 years) Transition age from childhood to adulthood when sex maturation and rapid physical development occur resulting to changes in ways of feeling, thinking and acting.
Adolescence (puberty -18 years) Puberty Adolescence is marked by puberty, a period of rapid physical growth and hormonal changes, leading to sexual maturation. Identity Formation Adolescents strive to establish their own identity, exploring their values, beliefs, and interests, and forming their own sense of self. Social Development Adolescents form close relationships with peers, developing social skills and navigating the complexities of social interactions. Cognitive Development Adolescents continue to develop their cognitive abilities, becoming more abstract in their thinking, and developing critical thinking skills.
Adolescence is marked by puberty, a period of rapid physical growth and hormonal changes, leading to sexual maturation. ADOLESCENCE (2-6 years) Puberty
Adolescents strive to establish their own identity, exploring their values, beliefs, and interests, and forming their own sense of self. ADOLESCENCE (2-6 years) Identity Formation
Adolescents form close relationships with peers, developing social skills and navigating the complexities of social interactions. ADOLESCENCE (2-6 years) SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Adolescents continue to develop their cognitive abilities, becoming more abstract in their thinking, and developing critical thinking skills. ADOLESCENCE (2-6 years) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
EARLY ADULTHOOD (18-40 years) Age of adjustment to new patterns of life and roles such as spouse, parent and bread winner.
Early Adulthood (18-40 years) Career Development Early adulthood is a time for career exploration, establishing oneself in a profession, and achieving financial stability. Relationships Relationships take center stage, with many young adults forming intimate partnerships, starting families, and nurturing long-term bonds. Lifestyle Choices Lifestyle choices become more solidified, with individuals making decisions about housing, finances, and leisure activities. Personal Growth Early adulthood is a time for personal growth, developing self-awareness, and exploring new interests and experiences.
Early adulthood is a time for career exploration, establishing oneself in a profession, and achieving financial stability. EARLY ADULTHOOD (18-40 years) CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Relationships take center stage, with many young adults forming intimate partnerships, starting families, and nurturing long-term bonds EARLY ADULTHOOD (18-40 years) RELATIONSHIP
Lifestyle choices become more solidified, with individuals making decisions about housing, finances, and leisure activities. EARLY ADULTHOOD (18-40 years) LIFESTYLE CHOICES
Early adulthood is a time for personal growth, developing self-awareness, and exploring new interests and experiences. EARLY ADULTHOOD (18-40 years) PERSONAL GROWTH
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Middle Adulthood (40- retirement) Transition age when adjustments to initial physical and mental decline are experienced.
Middle Adulthood (40- retirement) Physical Changes Individuals may experience gradual physical changes, such as decreased muscle mass and bone density, but overall health remains relatively good. Cognitive Changes Cognitive abilities peak in middle adulthood, with individuals demonstrating expertise in their chosen fields and problem-solving abilities. Social Changes Middle adulthood is often a time of stability and contentment, with individuals taking on leadership roles in their communities and families. Emotional Changes Emotional maturity is typically achieved in middle adulthood, with individuals developing a deeper sense of self-awareness and emotional regulation.
Individuals may experience gradual physical changes, such as decreased muscle mass and bone density, but overall health remains relatively good. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40-retirement years) PHYSICAL CHANGES
Cognitive abilities peak in middle adulthood, with individuals demonstrating expertise in their chosen fields and problem-solving abilities. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40-retirement years) COGNITIVE CHANGES
Middle adulthood is often a time of stability and contentment, with individuals taking on leadership roles in their communities and families. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40-retirement years) SOCIAL CHANGES
Emotional maturity is typically achieved in middle adulthood, with individuals developing a deeper sense of self-awareness and emotional regulation. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40-retirement years) EMOTIONAL CHANGES
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Late Adulthood/OLD AGE (Retirement to death) Retirement age when increasingly rapid physical and mental decline are experienced
Physical changes become more pronounced, with declining muscle mass, bone density, and sensory abilities, but maintaining an active lifestyle can help mitigate these changes. LATE ADULTHOOD/OLD AGE (Retirement- death) PHYSICAL CHANGES
Some cognitive decline is normal in late adulthood, but overall intellectual functioning remains relatively stable, with individuals retaining their wisdom and accumulated knowledge. LATE ADULTHOOD/OLD AGE (Retirement - death) cognitive CHANGES
Late adulthood is a time for reflection, reminiscing about life's experiences, and maintaining close relationships with loved ones. Individuals may also engage in new social activities and hobbies. LATE ADULTHOOD/OLD AGE (Retirement - death) social CHANGES
LATE ADULTHOOD/OLD AGE Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Changes Each stage of development involves a complex interplay of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. These changes are interconnected and influence one another, shaping the individual's overall development and well-being.
HAVIGHURST`S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS DURING THE LIFE SPAN
Robert J. Havighurst elaborated on the Developmental Tasks Theory in the most systematic and extensive manner
Robert J. Havighurst His main assertion is that development is continuous throughout the entire lifespan, occurring in stages, where the individual moves from one stage to the next by means of successful resolution of problems or performance of developmental tasks.
Robert J. Havighurst Havighurst proposed a bio psychosocial model of development, wherein the developmental tasks at each stage are influenced by the individual’s biology (physiological maturation and genetic makeup), his psychology (personal values and goals) and sociology (specific culture to which the individual belongs).
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY infancy and Early Childhood (0-5 ) Middle Childhood (6-12) Adolescence (13-18) Early Adulthood (19-30) Middle Adulthood (30-60) Later Maturity (61- death)
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5 ) Learning to walk Learning to take solid foods Learning to talk Learning to control the elimination of body wastes Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5 ) Readiness for reading Learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing a conscience Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Middle Childhood (6-12) Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself Learning to get along with age-mates Learning an appropriate sex role Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Middle Childhood (6-12) Developing concepts necessary for everyday living Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values Achieving personal independence Developing acceptable attitudes toward society
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Adolescence (13-18) Achieving mature relations with both sexes Achieving a masculine or feminine social role Accepting one’s physique Achieving emotional independence of adults Preparing for marriage and family life
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Adolescence (13-18) Preparing for an economic career Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Early Adulthood (19-30) Selecting a mate Learning to live with a partner Starting a family Rearing children Managing a home Starting an occupation Assuming civic responsibility
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Middle Adulthood (30-60) Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults Achieving adult social and civic responsibility Satisfactory career achievement Developing adult leisure time activities Relating to one’s spouse as a person
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Middle Adulthood (30-60) Accepting the physiological changes of middle age Adjusting to aging parent
HAVIGURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK SUMMARY Later Maturity (61- death) Adjusting to decreasing strength and health Adjusting to retirement and reduced income Adjusting to death of spouse Establishing relations with one’s own age group Meeting social and civic obligations Establishing satisfactory living quarters