Periodic table

Periodic table notes and instructions from class

1. You need 11 different
colors

2. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into
families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it
from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
The horizontal rows are
called periods and are
 labeled from 1 to 7.
The vertical columns are called groups or families and
are labeled from 1 to 18.

3. Hydrogen
Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.
Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
Hydrogen was involved
in the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
Hydrogen is promising
as an alternative fuel
source for automobiles
color hydrogen color 1

4. ALKALI METALS
Group 1
Hydrogen is not a member, it
is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water
Conduct electricity
Color the rest of this group
color 2

5. Alkali Metals
1
st
column on the
periodic table (Group
1) not including
hydrogen.
Very reactive metals,
always combined
with something else
in nature (like in
salt).
Soft enough to cut
with a butter knife

6. ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Group 2
2 electrons in the
outer shell
White and
malleable
Reactive, but less
than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity
Color the Alkaline
Earth Metals
color 3

7. Alkaline Earth Metals
Second column on
the periodic table.
(Group 2)
Reactive metals that
are always combined
with nonmetals in
nature.
Several of these
elements are
important mineral
nutrients (such as Mg
and Ca

8. TRANSITION METALS
Groups 3-12
Good conductors of
heat and electricity.
Some are used for
jewelry.
The transition
metals are able to
put up to 32
electrons in their
second to last shell.
Can bond with many
elements in a variety
of shapes.
Color Transition
Metals color 4

9. Transition Metals
Elements in groups
3-12
Less reactive harder
metals
Includes metals used
in jewelry and
construction.
Metals used “as
metal.”

10. BORON FAMILY
Group 13
3 electrons in the
outer shell
Most are metals
Boron is a
metalloid
Color Boron
Family color 5

11. Boron Family
Elements in group 13
Aluminum metal was
once rare and
expensive, not a
“disposable metal.”

12. CARBON FAMILY
Group 14
4 electrons in the
outer shell
Contains metals,
metalloids, and a
non-metal Carbon
(C)
Color Carbon
Family with color 6

13. Carbon FamilyElements in group 14
Contains elements
important to life and
computers.
Carbon is the basis
for an entire branch
of chemistry.
Silicon and
Germanium are
important
semiconductors.

14. NITROGEN FAMILY
Group 15
5 electrons in the
outer shell
Can share
electrons to form
compounds
Contains metals,
metalloids, and
non-metals
Color the
nitrogen family
with color 7

15. Nitrogen Family
Elements in group 15
Nitrogen makes up over
¾ of the atmosphere.
Nitrogen and
phosphorus are both
important in living
things.
Most of the world’s
nitrogen is not available
to living things.
The red stuff on the tip
of matches is
phosphorus.

16. OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens
Group 16
6 electrons in the
outer shell
Contains metals,
metalloids, and
non-metals
Reactive
Color the Oxygen
family with color 8

17. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
Elements in group 16
Oxygen is necessary
for respiration.
Many things that
stink, contain sulfur
(rotten eggs, garlic,
skunks,etc.)

18. Halogens Group 17
7 electrons in the
outer shell
All are non-
metals
Very reactive are
often bonded with
elements from
Group 1
Color the Halogen
group with color 9

19. Halogens
Elements in group 17
Very reactive,
volatile, diatomic,
nonmetals
Always found
combined with other
element in nature .
Used as disinfectants
and to strengthen
teeth.

20. Noble Gases
Group 18
Exist as gases
Non-metals
8 electrons in the
outer shell = Full
Helium (He) has
only 2 electrons in
the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with
other elements
Color the noble
gases with color 10

21. The Noble Gases
Elements in group 18
VERY unreactive,
monatomic gases
Used in lighted
“neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix
the Hindenberg
problem.
Have a full valence
shell.

22. Rare Earth MetalsSome are
Radioactive
The rare earths
are silver, silvery-
white, or gray
metals.
Conduct
electricity
Color Rare Earth
Metals with
color 11