PeriodicTable PPT-IBDP-1 CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT

PERIODIC TABLE

1. 9.17.00 1:37 PM1 3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic Table The Periodic Table
and the Elementsand the Elements
Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega GarcesAdapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega Garces

2. 9.17.00 1:37 PM2 3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic Table and the ElementsThe Periodic Table and the Elements
What is the periodic table ?What is the periodic table ?
What information is obtained from the table ?What information is obtained from the table ?
How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?

3. 9.17.00 1:37 PM3 3.3 Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) (1869)
In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer
(Germany) published nearly identical (Germany) published nearly identical
classification schemes for elements known at the classification schemes for elements known at the
time. The periodic table is based on the similarity time. The periodic table is based on the similarity
of properties and reactivities exhibited by various of properties and reactivities exhibited by various
elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-
1915) established that each element has a unique 1915) established that each element has a unique
atomic number, which is how the current periodic atomic number, which is how the current periodic
table is organized.table is organized.
http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html

4. 9.17.00 1:37 PM4 3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
A map of the building block of matter.
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
1
H
1.00797
2
IIA
Periodic Table
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
He
4.0026
2
3
Li
6.939
4
Be
9.0122
5
B
10.811
6
C
12.0112
7
N
14.0067
8
O
15.9994
9
F
18.9984
10
Ne
20.179
3
11
Na
22.9898
12
Mg
24.305
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
13
Al
26.9815
14
Si
28.086
15
P
30.9738
16
S
32.064
17
Cl
35.453
18
Ar
39.948
4
19
K
39.102
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.956
22
Ti
47.90
23
V
50.942
24
Cr
51.996
25
Mn
54.9380
26
Fe
55.847
27
Co
58.9332
28
Ni
58.71
29
Cu
63.54
30
Zn
65.37
31
Ga
65.37
32
Ge
72.59
33
As
74.9216
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.909
36
Kr
83.80
5
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.905
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.906
42
Mo
95.94
43
Tc
[99]
44
Ru
101.07
45
Rh
102.905
46
Pd
106.4
47
Ag
107.870
48
Cd
112.40
49
In
114.82
50
Sn
118.69
51
Sb
121.75
52
Te
127.60
53
I
126.904
54
Xe
131.30
6
55
Cs
132.905
56
Ba
137.34
57
La
138.91
72
Hf
178.49
73
Ta
180.948
74
W
183.85
75
Re
186.2
76
Os
190.2
77
Ir
192.2
78
Pt
195.09
79
Au
196.967
80
Hg
200.59
81
Tl
204.37
82
Pb
207.19
83
Bi
208.980
84
Po
[210]
85
At
[210]
86
Rn
[222]
7
87
Fr
[223]
88
Ra
[226]
89
Ac
[227]
104
Ku
[260]
105106107108109
http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html

5. 9.17.00 1:37 PM5 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table Expanded ViewPeriodic Table Expanded View
The Periodic Table can be arranged by The Periodic Table can be arranged by
energy sub levels The s-block is energy sub levels The s-block is
Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is
Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the
transition metals, and the f-block are transition metals, and the f-block are
the Lanthanides and Actinide metalsthe Lanthanides and Actinide metals
The way the periodic table usually The way the periodic table usually
shown is a compressed view. The shown is a compressed view. The
Lanthanides and actinides (F Lanthanides and actinides (F
block)are cut out and placed at the block)are cut out and placed at the
bottom of the table.bottom of the table.

6. 9.17.00 1:37 PM6 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: Periodic Table: Metallic arrangementMetallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
MetalsMetals
NonmetalsNonmetals

7. 9.17.00 1:37 PM7 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: The three broad ClassesPeriodic Table: The three broad Classes
Main, Transition, Rare EarthMain, Transition, Rare Earth
Main (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)

8. 9.17.00 1:37 PM8 3.3 Periodic Table
Reading the Periodic Table: ClassificationReading the Periodic Table: Classification
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

9. 9.17.00 1:37 PM9 3.3 Periodic Table
Across the Periodic TableAcross the Periodic Table
Periods:Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table periodic table
(Rows 1-7)(Rows 1-7)
These elements have the same number of valence shells.These elements have the same number of valence shells.
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
2nd Period
6th Period

10. 9.17.00 1:37 PM10 3.3 Periodic Table
Down the Periodic TableDown the Periodic Table
Families Families are arranged vertically down the periodic table are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8
A,B)A,B)
These elements have the same number of electrons in the outer most energy level , known as the valence These elements have the same number of electrons in the outer most energy level , known as the valence
shell.shell.
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family:
1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family:
7 e- in the valence shell

11. 9.17.00 1:37 PM11 3.3 Periodic Table
Notable Families of the Periodic TableNotable Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline
(earth)
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
Noble GasNoble Gas
HalogenHalogen
ChalcogensChalcogens

12. 9.17.00 1:37 PM12 3.3 Periodic Table
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Important Elements of Various GroupsImportant Elements of Various Groups
Individual members of selected groups & their characteristics Individual members of selected groups & their characteristics
H He
Li
Na
KCa
Mg
Fe
I
Cl
F
PSSi
ONC
Al
ZnCu
Ag
Br

13. 9.17.00 1:37 PM13 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
ee
--
configurations are inherent in the periodic table configurations are inherent in the periodic table
B
2p
1
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
H
1s
1
Li
2s
1
Na
3s
1
K
4s
1
Rb
5s
1
Cs
6s
1
Fr
7s
1
Be
2s
2
Mg
3s
2
Ca
4s
2
Sr
5s
2
Ba
6s
2
Ra
7s
2
Sc
3d
1
Ti
3d
2
V
3d
3
Cr
4s
1
3d
5
Mn
3d
5
Fe
3d
6
Co
3d
7
Ni
3d
8
Zn
3d
10
Cu
4s
1
3d
10
B
2p
1
C
2p
2
N
2p
3
O
2p
4
F
2p
5
Ne
2p
6
He
1s
2
Al
3p
1
Ga
4p
1
In
5p
1
Tl
6p
1
Si
3p
2
Ge
4p
2
Sn
5p
2
Pb
6p
2
P
3p
3
As
4p
3
Sb
5p
3
Bi
6p
3
S
3p
4
Se
4p
4
Te
5p
4
Po
6p
4
Cl
3p
5
Be
4p
5
I
5p
5
At
6p
5
Ar
3p
6
Kr
4p
6
Xe
5p
6
Rn
6p
6
Y
4d
1
La
5d
1
Ac
6d
1
Cd
4d
10
Hg
5d
10
Ag
5s
1
4d
10
Au
6s
1
5d
10
Zr
4d
2
Hf
5d
2
Rf
6d
2
Nb
4d
3
Ta
5d
3
Db
6d
3
Mo
5s
1
4d
5
W
6s
1
5d
5
Sg
7s
1
6d
5
Tc
4d
5
Re
5d
5
Bh
6d
5
Ru
4d
6
Os
5d
6
Hs
6d
6
Rh
4d
7
Ir
5d
7
Mt
6d
7
Ni
4d
8
Ni
5d
8

14. 9.17.00 1:37 PM14 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: Electron behaviorPeriodic Table: Electron behavior
The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons
1
IA
18
VIIIA
1
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
1011
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
West (South) Mid-plains East (North)
METALS
Alkali
Alkaline
Transition
METALLOIDNON-METALS
Noble gas
Halogens
Calcogens
These elements
tend to give up
e
-
and form
CATIONS
These elements
will give up e
-
or
accept e
-
These elements
tend to accept
e
-
and form
ANIONS

15. 9.17.00 1:37 PM15 3.3 Periodic Table
2. Trend in 2. Trend in Atomic RadiusAtomic Radius
Atomic Radius: Atomic Radius:
The size of an atom is determined by
the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest
atomic species are those found in the
lower left corner since these atoms have
the largest n, but the smallest Z
eff.

16. 9.17.00 1:37 PM16 3.3 Periodic Table
3. Trends in 3. Trends in Ionization EnergyIonization Energy
Ionization energy: Ionization energy:
The energy required to remove the
valence electron from an atom is
known as the ionization energy.
Largest toward upper right corner of
periodic table since these atoms hold
on to their valence e- the tightest.

17. 9.17.00 1:37 PM17 3.3 Periodic Table
4. Trend in 4. Trend in Electron AffinityElectron Affinity
Electron Affinity: Electron Affinity:
The energy released
when an electron is
added to an atom.
The electron affinity
is highest among the
elements of the
upper right corner of
the periodic table
(excluding the noble
gases) since these
atoms have a great
affinity for electrons.

18. 9.17.00 1:37 PM18 3.3 Periodic Table
Summary of TrendsSummary of Trends
Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1. Electron Configuration
2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward lower left2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward lower left
3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward upper right 3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward upper right
4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable upper right4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable upper right

19. 9.17.00 1:37 PM19 3.3 Periodic Table
SummarySummary
Periodic TablePeriodic Table: Map of the Building blocks of matter
Types : Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Blocks: S,P, D, and F
Representative or main = S and P Blocks
Transition = D Block
Lanthanide/Actanides = F Block
Families Elements in the same column have similar
or Groups: chemical properties because of similar
numbers and types of valence electrons
Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens,
Halogens, Noble gases
Periods : : Elements in the same row have valence electrons in
the same energy level.