Person with disabilities act (PWD) 1995

Inclusive education

1. KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Education Jnana Sahyadri , Shankargatta-577481 Subject INCLUSIVE EDUCATION Seminar On PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (PWD ACT) 1995 Submitted To Submitted By Dr.GEETHA C SHOBHA B S PROFESSOR PO6MC22E001002 Department of Education Department of Education Kuvempu University Kuvempu University

2. SL.NO PARTICULARS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MEANING AND DEFINITIONS OF DISABILITY 3. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR DISABILITY 4. TYPES OF DISABILITIES 5. MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ACT 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION A disability is any condition of the body or mind that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities and interact with the world around them. The law defines disability as the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determined physical or mental impairments which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. As defined by the World Health Organization Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. Impairments is a problem in body function or structure a activity limitations is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action while a participation restriction is a problem, experienced by an individual in involvement in life situation. Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a persons body and features of the society in which he or she livers.

4. MEANING OF DISABILITY: Article 1 of the CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) describes persons with disabilities as those who have long term physical,mental,intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. Types of Disability. Visually challenged. Auditory challenges Mentally challenged. Physically challenged. Children with learning challenges. Children with speech challenges. Health problem. Multiple disability Psychological disorder.

5. Factors responsible for disability. 1. Pregnancy disorder. 2. Heredity ad Disability. 3. Poverty ad Disability. 4. Malnutrition and Disability. 5. Diseases and mal-medication. 6. Wars and Disability. 7. Crime and Disability. 8. Traffic/accident/pollution hazards.

6. PERSONS WITH DISABILITY ACT 1995 The persons with disabilities (equal opportunities, Protection or rights and full participation) act, 1995 PWD act. This act has come into enforcement on February 7, 1996. This law is an important landmark and is a significant step in the direction to ensure equal opportunities for people with disabilities and their full participation in the nation building. The act provides for both prevention and promotional aspects of rehabilitation like education, employment and vocational training, reservation, research and manpower development, creation of barrier-free environment, rehabilitation of persons with disability, unemployment and establishment of homes for persons with severe disability.

7. According to this act Disability means 1.Blindness : Blindness refers to a condition where a person lacks the ability to see. It can be caused by various factors, including diseases, injuries or genetic conditions. People who are blind often rely on other senses and adaptive technique to navigate their surroundings and carry out daily tasks. 2. Low vision : Low vision is a condition where a person has significant visual impairment but still retains some degree of sight.

8. 3.Leprosy –cured : It seems like you might be referring to “leprosy,” also known as Hansen’s disease. Leprosy is chronic infectious diseases caused by the bacterium Mycrobacterium leprae . 4.Hearing impairment : Hearing impairment, also known as hearing loss, refers to a partial or total inability to hear. It can be temporary or permanent and can affect one or both ears. 5.Loco motor disability : A Locomotor disability, also known as a physical disability, refers to any condition that affects a person’s ability to move or control their body movements effectively. 6.Mental retardation : This is disability which affects a person’s ability to learn, communicate and perform daily activities. 7.Mental illness : It is refers to a wide range of conditions that affect a person’s mood, thinking and behavious

9. Main Provision of the Act. Prevention and early Detection of Disabilities. Education. Employment. Affirmative Action. Non-discrimination. Research and Manpower Development. Social Security. Grievance Redress.

10. 1 . Prevention and early Detection of Disabilities : Within the limits of their economic capacity and development the appropriate governments and the local authorities with a view to preventing the occurrence of disabilities. a . Undertake or cause to be undertaken serveys , investigations and research concerning the cause of occurrence of disabilities. b.Promote various methods of preventing disabilities. c. Screen all the children at least once in a year for the purpose of identifying at risk cases. d. Provide facilities for training to the staff at the primary health centers. e. Educate the public through the pre-schools, schools, primary health centers, village level workers and anganwadi workers. f. Take measures for pre-natal, parental and post natal care of mother and child.

11. 2.Education : The appropriate Governments and the local authorities shall a.Ensure that every child with a disability has access to free education in an appropriate environment till he attains the age of eighteen years. b.Endeavour to promote the integration of students with disabilities in the normal schools. c.Providing every child with disability free of cost special books and equipments needed for his education. d.The supply of books, uniforms and other materials to children with disabilities attend school. e.The grant of scholarship to students with disabilities. f.Endeavour to equip the special schools for children with disabilities with vocation training facilities. g.Restructuring of curriculum for the benefit of childe with disabilities. h.Suitable modification in the examination system to eliminate purely mathematical questions for the benefit of blind students and students with low vision

12. 3.Employment : a.Identify posts in the establishments which can be reserved for the persons with disability. b.Ensuring employment of persons with disabilities , through the schemes that may provide for 1.The training and welfare of persons with disabilities. 2. The relaxation of upper age limit. 3. Regulating the employment. 4. Health and safety, measures and creation of non-handicapping environment in places where persons with disabilities are employed. c. Health and safety measures and creation of a non-handicapping environment in places where persons with disabilities are employed. d. The manner in which and the person by whom the cost of operating the schemes is to be defrayed. e. Constituting the authority responsible for the administration of the scheme.

13. 4.Affirmative Action : a. Aids and appliances shall be made available to people with disabilities. b.Allotment of land shall me made at concessional rates to the people 5.Non discrimination : The act prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in various areas such as employment, education, access to public facilities.

14. Conclusion: In conclusion, the person with disabilities act 1995 , stands as a landmark legislation aimed at ensuring the rights, dignity and full participation of persons with disabilities In Indian society. By defining disability broadly, mandating reservation in various sectors, prohibiting discrimination and promoting accessibility and inclusion, the act lays the foundation for a more equitable and inclusive society. It underscores the importance of empowering persons with disabilities, providing them with opportunities for education, employment and independent living and protecting them from exploitation and abuse. While the Act represents significant progress, continued efforts are needed to address challenges and barriers faced by persons with disabilities, ensuring their equal participation and contribution to society.

15. Bibliography: UGC net paper 2 education by arihant publication. The Essence of Inclusive Education Prof. B.R.Ramachandraiah , H G Devika

16. Thank you