pest of oil seed crops 511 [Autosaved].pptx

Presentation about Major oil seed crop pests
Helpful for Bsc,Msc students

1. Topic: Pests of oil seed crops Date: 16-11-2022 Submitted to: Dr. P. S. Singh, Professor. Dr. R. S. Meena, Assistant Professor. Department of Entomology and Agril . Zoology Submitted by: Banoth Sandeep, 21412EAZ005, M. Sc. (Ag.) Previous

2. Pests of oil seed crops Castor Sunflower Linseed

3. Major pests CASTOR SEMILOOPER Achaea Janata Noctuidae : Lepidoptera CASTOR SHOOT AND CAPSULE BORER Conogethis punctiferalis Pyralidae : Lepidoptera TOBACCO CATERPILLAR Spodoptera litura Noctuidae : Lepidoptera CASTOR SLUG Parasa lepida Limacodidae : Lepidoptera Minor pests LEAF HOPPERS Amrasca biguttula biguttula Cicadellidae: Hemiptera CASTOR BUTTERFLY/ SPINY CATERPILLAR Ergolis merione Nymphalidae : Lepidoptera CASTOR WHITEFLY Trialeurodes rara , Trialeurodes ricini Aleurodidae : Hemiptera CASTOR THRIPS Retithrips syriacus , Scirtothrips dorsalis Thripidae: Thysanoptera CASTOR

4. CASTOR SEMILOOPER Achaea janata , Paralellia algira Noctuidae : Lepidoptera It occurs during August-January. Host plants : rose, citrus pomegranate,tea . Adult is a stout-bodied, greyish-brown colored moth with wavy lines on the fore wing. Hind wings are white with patches or markings.

5. Larvae : Body grey/black in color with red or white lateral stripes,fully grown larva about 6-7cm long. Sometimes larvae with red strips. Its is semilooper i.e Non functioning of first pair prolegs Pupa : Pupation takes place on thr plant or in leaf litter or in soil with the help of coccon Eggs : Female moths lays 400-500rggs scattered all over the ventral surface of the plant

6. Symptoms of damage Damage to complete defoliation. leave bare stems & veins MANAGEMENT : The larvae may be handpicked and destroyed. Telenomus and Tetrastichus sp. Parasitize the eggs. Erection of bird perches @ 10 / ha Application of neem oil 5 ml/l or B.t 1 g/l Foliar spray with methyl parathion 2 ml/l or thiodicarb 1g/ lt

7. CASTOR SHOOT AND CAPSULE BORER Conogethis punctiferalis Pyralidae : Lepidoptera It is a potential pest and occasionally becomes serious. It is active from September to February when crop is in flowering . Larva:  - pale greenish with pinkish tinge and fine hairs with dark head and prothoracic shield Moth is medium sized having bright orange yellow coloured wings with numerous black dots or spots

8. MANAGEMENT : Collection of infested shoots and capsules and their destruction. spray any one of the following insecticides, thrice from flowering at three weeks interval : Malathion 50 EC 2.0 l /ha Carbaryl 50 WP 2.0 kg / ha in 1000 l of water Damage symptoms: The damage is caused by the caterpillar, which bores into the main stem of young plant and ultimately into the capsules.  The borer is distributed throughout India where castor is grown.

9. TOBACCO CATERPILLAR Spodoptera litura Noctuidae : Lepidoptera It is found through out the tropical and sub tropical parts of the world, wide spread in India. Besides castor it feeds on tobacco cotton, groundnut, tomato, cabbage and various other cruciferous crops. Identification of the pest Egg - Egg masses appear golden brown Larva  - Pale greenish with dark markings. Gregarious in the early stages Adult - Forewings – brown colour with wavy white markings. Hind wings- white colour with a brown patch along the margin

10. MANAGEMENT Collect and destroy the egg masses and caterpillars in the early stages of infestation. Plough the field so as to expose the pupae to predators and parasitoids Monitoring the pest with pheromone traps (4-5/acre) helps in timely treatment. To control early stage larvae, spray neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% or chlorpyriphos 2.5ml or monocrotophos 2ml or quinolphos 2ml or neem oil 5ml per litre of water. As the grown up larvae move down to soil to hide during day time, Poison bait (1 litre of monocrotophos or 1kg carbaryl + 10kg of rice bran + 1 kg jaggery + 1 litre of water) to make the bait in to pellets for one hectare) placement at base of the plants helps in killing the larvae. Nature damage : In early stages, the caterpillars are gregarious and scrape the chlorophyll content of leaf lamina giving it a papery white appearance. Later they become voracious feeders making irregular holes on the leaves and finally leaving only veins and petioles. During flowering and boll formation stage, the caterpillars also feed on the internal contents of bolls causing irregular holes.

11. CASTOR SLUG CATERPILLAR Parasa lepida Limacodidae : Lepidoptera It is a sporadic pest of castor. It also attacks coconut, mango, citrus, wood apple etc. Identification of the pest Larva-  slug like, ventrally flat, greenish body with white lines and four rows of spiny  scoli tipped red or black Adult: -  green moth with brown band at the base of the forewin  

12. Symptoms of damage Feed gregariously on the leaves of castor and later spread over to the entire plant. Cause defoliation – leaving only the midrib and veins Management The pest should be kept in check by picking the gregarious caterpillars and the cocoons which are found on tree trunks and destroying them in water with a film of kerosene. Spray chlorpyriphos or Quinalphos @ 2 ml per litre of water if pest attack is more.

13. sunflower 1.Capitulum borer (Head borer) Helicoverpa armigera 2.Bihar hairy caterpillar:  Spilosoma obliqua   Non insect pest 3.Parakeet:  Psittacula krameri

14. Capitulum borer (Head borer)   Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae , Lepidoptera Identification of the pest: Egg:   Spherical in shape and creamy white in colour , laid singly Larva:  Shows colour variation from greenish to brown. It has dark brown grey lines on the body with lateral white lines and also has dark and pale bands Pupa:  Brown in colour , occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris Adult:  Light pale brownish yellow stout moth. Forewings are olive green to pale brown with a dark brown circular spot in the centre . Hind wings are pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin

15. Symptoms of damage: The larva feeds on the developing seeds and bore the head Fungal developed and head starts rotting The larva consumes leaf in early stage of growth and move towards the capitulum and tunnel the head

16. Management: Grow inter crops like, green gram, black gram, groundnut, soybean Sow 3-4 lines of maize (or) jowar around the sunflower crop to monitor the moth Sow trap crops like marigold at 50 plants/acre Use of pheromone traps (4 traps/acre) for pest intensity identification as well as to trap the male moths Setting of light traps (1 light trap/5 acre) to know the range of pest incidence as well as to kill moth population Release predators like coccinellids,   Chrysoperla carnea  @1larva/ head Release parasitoides like  Trichogramma  spp.@ 20,000/acre,  ( Bracon  spp.,  Campoletis   spp ) Spray HaNPV 250 LE + Bt @0.5kg/ha for effective control Spray HaNPV 250 LE/ha +1 kg Jaggery + 200ml Sandovit (or) Teepal ; mixing and spray in the evening hours only Spraying of 5% Neem oil or 5% Neem Seed Kernal extract before egg laying

17. Bihar hairy caterpillar:  Spilosoma obliqua Erebidae , Lepidoptera   I dentification of the pest Eggs : Laid in cluster on the underside of leaves. Larva:  Covered with long yellowish to black hairs Adult Medium sized brown moth with a red abdomen. Wings pinkish with numerous black spots. 2 nd instar 6 th instar Pupa Adult

18. Symptoms of damage Young larvae feed gregariously mostly on the under surface of the leaves. Caterpillars feed on leaves and in severe infestation the whole crop is defoliated. Drying up of infected leaves is the main symptom Management Deep summer ploughing. Use of well rotten manures. Intercropping with pigeon pea at a row ratio of 2:1 is effective in reducing the insect attack. Collection and destruction of larvae. Spray phosalone 35 EC at 1000ml/ha. Larval feeding

19. Parakeet:  Psittacula krameri Identification of the pest It is slim, green parakeet with the typical short, heavy, deeply hooked, red bill. Hollow space in a tree trunk is the nest of the bid Symptoms of damage The birds damage starts from the milky stage and continues till harvest. These consumes on an average of 152 seeds / day

20. Management Establishment of scare crows in the field so as to distract the birds. Bursting of crackers and carbide guns, tying polythene bags. Use of bird scaring tape (reflective ribbon or bird scaring ribbon). Destruction of bird nest in and around the field. Scaring tape Deploy two labourers per hectare to scare away the birds. Pruning of perching and breeding places Spraying of neem kernal powder solution at 10 g/ litre of water after seed shedding repels the birds. Use of bird proof nets. Carbide gun Bird proof net

21. Crop: Sesamum Scientific name:  Sesamum indicum Family: Pedaliaceae

22. 1. Leaf webber , roller and capsule borer:  Antigastra catalaunalis 2.Hawk or Dead head moth (Sphinx caterpillar):  Acherontia styx 3. Leaf hopper:  Orosius albicinctus 4. Gingelly Gall fly:  Asphondylia sesami

23.  Leaf webber , roller and capsule borer:  Antigastra catalaunalis pyralidae , Lepidoptera Symptoms of damage The young larvae roll together a few top leaves and feed them. In the early stage of infestation, the plant dies without producing any branch or shoot. In later stage of attack, infested shoots stop growing. At flowering, larvae feed inside the flowers and on capsule formation, larvae bore into capsule and feed on developing seeds. Identification of the pest Larvae :  Greenish in colour with black head having short white hairs Adult : Medium sized moth with reddish yellow forewings.

24. Damage symptoms on leaf (A and B), capsules (C) and stem (D) of sesame due to larval feeding of Antigastra catalaunalis .  Leaf loss due to Antigastra catalaunalis infestation on sesame crop. 

25. Management Two sprayings with neem formulation 0.03% Spray any one of the following : Carbaryl 50 WP 1000 g/ha in 500 litre of water Neem seed kernels extract (5%). Neem oil 2% (two rounds) Use alternate insecticides each time and avoid the usage of same insecticide every time.

26. Hawk or Dead head moth (Sphinx caterpillar):  Acherontia Styx Sphingidae , Lepidoptera Identification of the pest Larvae :  Greenish in colour with black head having short white hairs Adult : Medium sized moth with reddish yellow forewings. Adult Brownish giant hawk moth. Thorax with a characteristic skull marking . Abdomen has violet and yellow band. Forewings are dark brown and Hind wings are yellowish with 2 black lines.

27. Symptoms of damage The young larvae roll together a few top leaves and feed them. In the early stage of infestation, the plant dies without producing any branch or shoot. In later stage of attack, infested shoots stop growing. At flowering, larvae feed inside the flowers and on capsule formation, larvae bore into capsule and feed on developing seeds. Management Deep ploughing exposes the pupae for predation to insectivorous birds. Hand picking collection and destruction of caterpillars. Two rounds of dusting with phosalone 4% or malathion 5%, first at 30 DAS and second at 45 DAS. Caterpillar feeding

28. Leaf hopper:  Orosius albicinctus Cicadellidae,Hemiptera Symptoms of damage Curling of leaf edges and leaves turn red or brown. The leaves dry up and shed. Vector of sesamum  phyllody Identification of the pest Adult : Light brown coloured hoppe Management Spray any one of the following : Methyl demeton 25% EC 1200 m l/ha Quinalphos 25%EC 2000 ml/ha phyllody-affected plants in the field; a shoot showing internodes shortening with dense leaves and shoots showing green leaflike floral organs.

29. Gingelly Gall fly:  Asphondylia sesame Cecidomyiidae,Diptera Symptoms of damage Maggots feed inside the floral bud Leading to formation of gall like structure which do not develop in to flower/capsules. The affected buds wither and drop. Identification of the pest Larva:  Maggots are whitish, legless and with body tapering exteriorly. Adult : Mosquito like fly Management Two sprayings with neem formulation 0.03% Spray any one of the following : Carbaryl 50 WP 1000 g/ha in 500 litre of water Neem seed kernels extract (5%). Neem oil 2% (two rounds) Use alternate insecticides each time and avoid the usage of same insecticide every time. Infested flower bud

30. REFERENCES 1. Elements of economic entomology – Vasantharaj David 2. Agricultural pest of south Asia and their management-A.S Atwal and G.S Dhaliwal 3. Pest of oilseed crop tnau.agritech portal