Pests of Apple_Identification_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

Apple trees can face several pest issues. Common pests include:

Codling Moths: Larvae burrow into apples, causing fruit damage.
Aphids: These sap-sucking insects can weaken trees and transmit diseases.
Spider Mites: They cause stippling on leaves and can lead to defoliation.
Apple Maggots: These pests lay eggs in the fruit, leading to decay.
Leafhoppers: They feed on leaves, causing yellowing and curling.
Japanese Beetles: They feed on leaves and can severely defoliate the tree.

1. Pests of Apple
By
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD.
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JSACAT
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

2. Apple woolly aphid, Eriosomalanigerum,
Pemphigidae, Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distributed throughout the apple growing regions of the world
Nymphsandadultscause
weakeninganddeathof
smallerplants,gallsonthe
rootsandwhitewoolly
patchesonthetrunk.
Purplish aphids are
coveredwithwhitecottony
mass.

3. Management
UseresistantrootstocksM778,M779,MM14,MM110,MM112
Releasetheparasitoid:Aphelinusmali
Predators:ChilomenusbijugusandCoccinellaseptumpunctata
Spraydimethoate30EC0.06%ormethyldemeton25EC0.025%
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

4. San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotusperniciosus,
Diaspididae, Hemiptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Every continent except Antarctica
Theinfestedregioninbark
becomesreddishpinkfollowed
bypurplecolourationinthe
fruits.
Femaleisround,slightly
convexwithablackpustule.
Maleislinearinshape.

5. Management
Selectnurserystockfreescaleinfestation
FumigatenurserystockwithHCNgasormethylbromide
Summerspraywithphosalone50EC0.05%orfenitrothion50EC0.05%
Winterspraywithdieseloilemulsionat8-12l/tree(dieseloil4.5l,soap1kg,water54-72l)
Encouragetheactivityofparasitoids:ProspaltellaperniciosiandAspidiotophagussp.
Fieldreleaseofcoccinellid,Chilocoruscircumdatuspredator
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

6. Cottony cushion scale, Iceryapurchasi,
Margarodidae, Hemiptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nymphsandadultscause
yellowingofleaves.
Femaleiswithcottony
ovisac.
Nymphispinkishcrawler
withlongantennaandgroup
ofhairs.

7. Management
Select healthy and pest free rootstock
Collect and destroy the infested plant parts
Spray application of neem oil 2% , NSKE 5%
Spray application of chlorpyriphos20 EC 0.04% with sticking agent
Field release of some coccinelidpredators,chilocorusnigritus
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

8. Apple codling moth, Cydiapomonella, Tortricidae
Lepidoptera
4
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Larvaeburrowintothefruitandfeedonthe
pulp;fruitsdistorted,fruitdrop,andfruits
can’tbemarketed.Larvaeispinkishwhite
caterpillarwithbrownhead.
Incracksandcrevicesofthebark,itspins
silkencocoon;pupaisyellowishbrown.
Mothisbrown;forewingsaredarkgreenish,
markedwithwavylinesblendwithbark
makinginconspicuous.

9. Management
Field sanitation
Collect and destroy the infested fruits and cocoons
Banding -corrugated cardboard bands should be applied to tree trunks
Use sex pheromone trap
Mass trap males with codling moth lure traps
Release egg parasitoids,Trichogrammaembryophagumat 2000/tree
Apply VirosoftCP4 Granulovirus
Codling moth larvae must eat the virus before they enter the fruit
Spray DDVP 0.04%
Apply diazinon, acetempride(4 application per season) during egg laying stage
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

10. Stem borer, Aprionacinerea, Lamiidae, Coleoptera
5
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Grubsmakesmallcircular
holesinbrancheswithmass
ofexcretaandchewedup
woodparticles
Shoots withcircuitous
galleries;trunkhollowedout
andtheinfestedtrees
remainstunted.
Adultbeetlesfeedonbark.
Adult is an ashy grey beetle with numerous black
tubercles at the base of elytra.

11. Fruit fly, Bactrocerazonata, Tephritidae, Diptera
6
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Maggotsfeedonthefruitscausing
rottinganddroppingoffruits.Maggotis
dirtywhite,acephalicandapodous.Adult
flyissmall,reddishbrownwithyellowish
crossbandontheabdomen.

12. Tent caterpillar, Malacosoma indica, Lasiocampidae,
Lepidoptera
7
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Caterpillarfeedsgregariously
onfoliage,leavingbehindonly
themidribandotherharder
veins.
Theentireplantisdefoliated
andtheyfeedonsoftbarkof
twigs.
Thelarvahasblackheadand
abdomen.Adultislightbrown
colour.

13. Fruit piercing moth, Calpe aphideroides, Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
8
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

14. Leaf miner, Gracillariazachrysa, Gracillariidae,
Lepidoptera
9
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

15. Psyllid, Psyllamali, Psyllidae, Hemiptera
10
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

16. European red mite, Panonychusulmi, Tetranychidae,
Acarins
11
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)