Pests of Green Manures_Bionomics_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

PESTS OF GREEN MANURE CROPS AND FORAGE CROPS
SESBANIA
BORERS
1. Sesbania stem borer, Azygophleps scalaris, Cossidae, Lepidoptera
Symptom of damage: Drying of sesbania plants.
Nature of damage: Stoutly built larva bores into the stem and feeds, the faecal matter getting accumulated at the entrance hole.
Egg: Laid in masses attached to the leaflets.
Larva: Robust larva of 7 cm length, light brown with a reddish brown head.
Pupa: Pupa has spines anteriorly with the help of which it moves up and down inside the tunnel in the stem.
Adult: Sluggish yellowish brown moth.
2. Stem weevil, Alcidodes bubo, Curculionidae, Coleoptera
Symptom of damage: Drying of the terminal branches or whole plant, lodging of the plants during monsoon seasons; affected stem with numerous bore holes and swelling symptoms. Presence of apodous grub inside the stem.
Nature of damage: Grubs riddle into stem and cause thickenings on stem. The growth and vigour of the plants are impaired to a great extent.
Egg: Laid on the stem.
Grub : Apodous whitish grub.
Adult: Reddish brown weevil with white transverse markings on the elytra.
LEAF FEEDERS
3. Green semilooper, Pericyma glaucinans, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
Symptom of damage: Defoliation of plants preceding with leaflets damage.
Nature of damage: Caterpillar feeds on the leaflets remaining along the ribs of leaves.
Larva : Pale green, semilooper with broad yellow lateral stripes.
Adult: Dark brown with black lines
4. Green looper, Semiothisa pervelgata, Semiothisa emersaria, Geometridae, Lepidoptera
Symptom of damage: Defoliation of plants preceding with leaflets damage.
Nature of damage: Larvae feed on the leaves.
Egg: Oval greenish eggs laid singly on leaves.
Larva : Pale green looper with white lines and when full grown becomes pink with horizontal bands of violet patches dorsally on the abdominal segments.
Pupa: Pupates in the soil.
Adult: White colour with three dark lines and spots on the wings.

1. Pests of Green Manures
By
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD.
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JSACAT
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

2. Pests of Sunnhemp

3. Hairy caterpillar, Utethesiapulchella, Erebidae
(Arctiidae), Lepidoptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Larva feeds on leaves and also cause
severe damage by feeding on developing
pods
Symptom of damage
Defoliation of the plant
Distribution:Europe; Africa; India; Sri Lanka; Philippines; Thailand; Malaysia; New Guinea;
Australia

4. Eggs arewhite spheres with a
microscopic hexagonal grid on the
surface
Dorso-lateral side with black stripes and orange
patches. Body has long brownish hairs.
Pupates in the soil
Red and black spots on the white forewings
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

5. Hairy caterpillar, Arginaastrea(A. cribraria),
A. syringa, Hypsidae(Arctiidae), Lepidoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Larvae feeds on the leaves
Symptom of damage
Defoliation
It is found ineastern Africa, southern Asia of India, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indo-Australia,
including the Pacific Islands and Australia

6. Yellowish eggs laid in clusters on the
undersurface of the leaves
Hairy caterpillar with black transverse
markings and white spots
Pupates on the plant or the
surface of the soil
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

7. Arginaastrea/ A. cribrariahas black
spots on yellowish wings
Arginasyringahas black spots on
reddish brown wings
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

8. Flea beetle, Longitarsusbelgaumensis,
Chrysomelidae(F), Alticinae(SF), Coleoptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Adult makes shot holes on leaves
Grub feeds on the roots by mining.
A cosmopolitan distribution

9. Sunhempmirid, Ragmusimportunitas, Miridae,
Hemiptera
4
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Nymphs and adults suck the sap from
tender leaves and shoots and cause
yellowing of leaves and in severe attack,
death of plants
Symptom of damage
Minute chlorotic spots, later coalescing to
cause yellowing of leaves
Widely distributed in southern India
Greenish bug

10. Stem borer, Leguminivoratricentra (Enarmonia
tricentra), Tortricidae (Eucosmidae), Lepidoptera
5
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Larvae bores into stem, swelling at
place of attack
Identification
Pale white larva with dark brown head
and pinkish red prothorax.
Adult –small greyish brown moth
Distribution:India, Myanmar, China, Japan, Europe
Enarmonia sp.

11. Pests of Sesbania

12. Sesbania stem borer, Azygophleps scalaris,
Cossidae, Lepidoptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Stoutly built larva bores into the stem and
feeds, the faecalmatter getting
accumulated at the entrance hole
Symptom of damage
Drying of sesbaniaplants
Found in Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia

13. Robust larva of 7 cm
length, light brown with a
reddish brown head
Pupa has spines anteriorly with
the help of which it moves up and
down inside the tunnel in the
stem
Sluggish yellowish brown
moth
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

14. Stem weevil, Alcidodes bubo, Curculionidae,
Coleoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Natureofdamage
Grubsriddleintostemandcausethickeningsonstem.
Thegrowthandvigouroftheplantsareimpairedtoa
greatextent
Symptomofdamage
Dryingoftheterminalbranchesorwholeplant
Affectedstemwithnumerousboreholesandswelling
symptoms.
Presenceofapodousgrubinsidethestem

15. Eggs -Laid on the stem
Apodous whitish grub
Reddish brown weevil with white
transverse markings on the elytra
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

16. Pests of Daincha

17. Stink bug, Piezodorus rubrofasciatus, Pentatomidae,
Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Widely distributed in Asia and Africa
Damage
Feedingdamagecaused by
nymphs and adults to the leaves
and seed pods

18. Green semilooper, Pericyma glaucinans, Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Widely distributedin the arid and semi-arid zones of the Earth
Nature of damage
Caterpillar feeds on the
leaflets remaining along the
ribs of leaves
Symptom of damage
Defoliation of plants
preceding with leaflets
damage
Pale green, semilooper
with broad yellow
lateral stripes
Dark brown with black lines

19. Green looper, Semiothisa pervolgata, Geometridae,
Lepidoptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution:It is found in south-west Asia, including India, Sri Lanka and Taiwan
Nature of damage
Larvae feed on the leaves
Symptom of damage
Defoliation of plants preceding with
leaflets damage
White colourwith dark lines and spots on the wings

20. Brown looper, Hyposidra talaca (Hyposidra
succesaria), Geometridae, Lepidoptera
4
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
From India to Indochina, Sundaland, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the Solomon
Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from
Queensland
Reddish in colourwith faint lines
Reddish brown in colourwith spots
Larvae feed on the leaves
Symptom
Defoliation

21. Leaf webber, Striglina scitaria, Thyrdidae,
Lepidoptera
5
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, the Andamans, Borneo, New Guinea, Fiji
and Australia
Brown moth with oblique lines on wings
Natureofdamage
Intheearlystagethelarvatwiststhe
terminalportionoftheleafletintheformof
asmallconeandlivesinsidescrapingthe
greenmatter.Asitgrows,itwebstogether
theleafletsandlivesinsidethetunnelof
thewebandultimatelypupatesinsideit
Symptomofdamage
Webbingofterminalleafletsintoconical
structures

22. Pierid/Sulphur butterflies, Eurema hecabe, Pieridae,
Lepidoptera
6
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution:Asia, Africa and Australia
Yellow colouredbutterfly with black marginsGreenish caterpillar with white lateral lines
Symptom of damage
Defoliation of the leaflets

23. Mottled emigrant, Catopsilia pyranthe, C. crocale, C.
pomona, Pieridae, Lepidoptera
7
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Found insouth Asia, southeast Asia, and parts of Australia
Symptom of damage
Feed on young leaves

24. Female -Black margin around each wings and
brown specklets
Male -black tip present on the fore wing
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

25. Pests of Lucerne/ Alfalfa
(Forage crop)

26. Spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata,
Aphididae, Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Spread throughout the alfalfa-growing areas of the United States
Nature of damage
Nymph and adult
suck the sap
Yellow coloured
aphids with
series of spots.

27. Lucerne weevil, Hypera variabblis, Curculionidae,
Coleoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
It can be found inalfalfafields throughout Europe and North America
Natureofdamage
Grubandadultcausethe
damage
Symptomofdamage
Leaveswithirregularholes.
Affectedplantsremainstunted

28. Pests of Subabul

29. Jumping lice, Heteropsylla cubana, Psyllidae,
Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Indigenous to parts of tropical America but was introduced to Asia by the Spanish in the 1600s
Nature of damage
Nymph and adult cause the damage
Symptom of damage
Wilting of growing shoots resulting in
die back; plants unable to put forth new
growth. Honeydew deposition and sooty
mould development
Pale greenish yellow

30. Pests of Gliricidia

31. Aphid, Aphis craccivora, Aphididae, Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution. Aphis craccivorais believed to be Palearctic in origin but has expanded its range
so that now it is near cosmopolitan
Nature of damage
Nymph and adult cause the damage
Symptom of damage
Honeydew deposition and sooty mould
development

32. Weevil, Indozocladius asperulus, Curculionidae,
Coleoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Widely distributed in peninsular India
Symptoms
Larvafeedandpupateinsidetheflowerbuds,making
themhollow.Insevereattacks,thenumberofflowers
isreducedsubstantially

33. Ash weevil, Myllocerusspp., Curculionidae,
Coleoptera
Symptom of damage
Larva feeds on the
secondary roots
Adults feeds on leaves,
notching symptom
Adult
M. discolour
Myllocerusspp.Distribution: India, and Sri Lanka.
3
Management
Collect and destroy adults
Apply Neem cake @ 500 kg/ha at the
time of last ploughing
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)