Pests of groundnut and their description.pptx

Agriculture

1. PESTS OF GRO UNDNUT AEN 301 PESTS OF FIELD CROPS AND STORED PRODUCES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT (1+1) By V.Vijishree 2021004129

2. Pests of Groundnut S. No Name of the pest Scientific name Family Order Defoliators 1. Red hairy caterpillar Amsacta albistriga, A. moorei Erebidae Lepidoptera 2. Leaf miner Aproaerema modicella Gelechiidae Lepidoptera 3. Tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura Noctuidae Lepidoptera 4. Gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Sucking Insects 5. Aphids Aphis craccivora Aphididae Hemiptera 6. Leafhopper Empoasca kerri Cicadellidae Hemiptera 7. Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Thripidae Thysanoptera Borers 8. Bud borer Anarsia ephippias Gelechiidae Lepidoptera 9. Stem borer Sphenoptera perotetti Buprestidae Coleoptera Pod Feeders 10. Pod borer (Ear wig) Anisolabis stalli Forficulidae Dermaptera 11. Pod bug Elasmolomus sordidus Lygaeidae Hemiptera 12. Blind ants Dorylus spp. Formicidae Hymenoptera

3. Root Feeders 13. Termites Odontotermes obesus Termitidae Isoptera 14. White grub Holotrichia consanguinea Melolonthidae Coleoptera

4. Defoliators

5. 1. R ed H airy C aterpillar , Amsacta albistriga Erebidae : Lepidoptera Symptoms : Early infestation- Skeletonization Later infestation - Defoliation All leaves -eaten away leaving main stem alone During severe attack - larvae march from one field to another destroying field after field

6. Larva: Hairy caterpillar-Reddish brown with black band on either end Pupa: Diapause in soil for 9-10 months Adult: Forewing white with brownish streak all over and yellowish streak along anterior margin and head, Hindwing white with black markings Egg Period Early Instars Period Pupal Period Late Instar period

7. Red Hairy caterpillar-ETL: 8 egg masses/100 meter M anagement : Cowpea /red gram as intercrop (1:4) Set up light traps Use NPV @ 250 LE/ha or 1.5 X 10 12 POBs / ha + 2.5 Kg crude sugar + 0.1 % teepol . Natural Enemies-Predatory bug, Cantheconida furcellata , Larval parsitoids , Apanteles flavipes , Tachina fallax , Nematode, Mermis indica , Fungus, Aspergillus sp.

8. Leaf miner/ surul poochi, Aproaerema modicella Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera Symptoms: Brown blotches in midrib; terminal leaflets with white patches; webbed together, distorted and finally get dried up. Larva: Small, green in colour with dark head and prothorax Adult: Dark brown moth with a white spot on the costal margin of each forewing

9. Management Grow resistant cultivars like ICGV 86031, ICGS 156 (M 13), FDRS 10, ICG 57, 156, 541, 7016, 7404, 9883 Sow groundnut early and synchronously in rainy and rabi season Intercrop groundnut with pearl millet @ 4:1 ratio Set up l ight trap Spray any one of the following insecticides - quinalphos 25 EC 750 ml/ha, malathion 50 EC 1.25 l/ha ETL: 1 larva/ metre row.

10. Damage symptoms Early instar larvae- gregarious -cause skeletonization . Later instar cause defoliation . Midrib alone is left. Tobacco caterpillar- Spodoptera litura, Noctuidae;Lepidoptera

11. Egg: Yellowish; laid in masses, covered with hairs. Larva: Pale greenish with dark markings; gregarious in early stages. Pupa: Brown colour , obtect pupa. Adult: Moth with wavy white markings on brown forewing; Hindwings are whitish with a brown patch along the margin.

12. Irregular feeding damage by Spodoptera litura Feeding damage by Helicoverpa armgera

13. ETL: 1-2 egg masses per meter crop row of 7-12 plants or pheromone trap catches exceed 100 moths per night, averaged over a week. Management Grow castor as a border (or) intercrop Grow resistant cultivars like ICGV 86031, FDRS 10 Monitor the emergence of adult using light traps Set up pheromone trap ( Pherodin SL) to monitor, male moths @ 12 nos./ha and change the septa once in 3 weeks Collect egg masses, gregarious larvae and destroy Avoid migration of larvae by digging a trench 30 cm deep and 25 cm wide with perpendicular sides around infested field. Apply NPV @ 250 LE/ha with crude sugar 2.5 kg/ha or chlorpyriphos at 200 g ai /ha at 7 days interval

14. Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae; Lepidoptera Damage symptoms: Smaller or larger feeding holes on leaves Pale green or rose or brown or chocolate colored caterpillars with dorsal and lateral stripes and hairs on body Mostly Larva - greenish with dark brown grey lines- Color varies with food Adult - brown coloured moth with ‘V’ shaped speck on forewings and dull black border on hind wing

15. Management Bird perches @ 50 / ha Set up light trap, Pheromone traps @ 12 / ha Effective egg parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. larval parasitoid, Chelonus blackburnii NPV @ 1.5 X 10 12 POBs / ha + 2.5 Kg crude sugar + 0.1 % teepol Combined use of Ha NPV + Sl NPV + crude sugar 2.5 Kg is highly effective NSKE 5% twice followed by Triazophos 1000 ml / ha Spray emamectin benzoate 5 SG 220 g or spinosad 45 SC 180 - 220 ml/ ha ETL: 5-6 eggs or 2-3 small larvae / plant or 10 % infested plant

16. Symptoms : Wilting of tender shoots during hot weather Leaves mottled with chlorotic or dark green spots and plants stunted It is a vector of groundnut ‘rosette’ Nymph and Adult: Reddish to dark brown coloured Female produces 47-54 nymphs Total life cycle: 8-13 days Reproduction : Parthenogenetically & Viviparously Aphids, Aphis craccivora , Aphididae ; Hemiptera

17. Symptoms: Tip yellowing in leaves in the form of V shape later turn brown, dry and brittle, called 'hopper burn‘. Cause distortion and whitening of veins, leaf curling and stunted plants Nymph & Adult: Elongate, active wedge shaped green insects found on the under surface of leaves Egg period: 4-8 days Nymph: 7-10 days - 5 Nymphal instars Leafhopper, Empoasca kerri , Cicadellidae ; Hemiptera

18. Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Caliothrips indicus Frankliniella schultzei, Thripidae; Thysanoptera Symptoms: Young/ terminal leaves showing white scars. Transmit bud necrosis disease Nymph & adult: Nymph –yellowish, Adult –yellow or dark colored Caliothrips-Older leaves Frankliniella Scirtothrips

19. Management Aphids -ETL : 15 % infested plant Methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1000 ml / ha or chlorpyriphos 20 EC 1000 ml/ha or Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 100 -125 ml Insecticidal treatment to be repeated - population rebuild Release Chrysoperla grubs @ 5000 / ha Leafhopper-ETL : 50 numbers / 50 leaves Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 100 -125 ml or quinalphos 25 EC 1400 ml/ha Thrips-ETL : 50 numbers / 50 leaves Intercrop lab lab with groundnut 1:4 ratio quinalphos 25 EC 400 ml/ha

20. Stem borer, Shenoptera perotetti Buprestidae; Coleoptera Symptoms: Branches droop and plants show wilting and may die Stem just below the soil surface and main roots tunneled Biology: Site of egg laying- stem of plants- EP: 5-7 days Grub: Slender pale whitish with flattened anterior portion, called 'flat-headed grubs‘ Grub: 30 –35 days. PP: 10 days-inside stem. Adult: Dark brown, shiny and small (1 cm) beetle

21. Management: Apply malathion 5D at 25 kg/ha to the hole or furrow prior to the sowing. Repeat the same on 40 DAS during earthing up and gypsum application.

22. Pod borer, Anislabis stalli, Forbiculidae; Dermaptera Symptoms: Young pods showing bore holes plugged with excreta, sand particles or discoloured pulps Pods without kernels, Nymph&adult cause damage EP: 7 days, eggs in clusters (20-100)-soil or inside damaged pods. Nymph: white in early stages later turns brown Adult: Dark brown to black with forceps like caudal cerci and white leg joints

23. Management Collect and destroy the affected plants carbofuran 3 CG 50 kg/ha or Malathion 5 D @ 25 kg/ ha to the soil prior to the sowing Repeat the same on 40 DAS during earthing up and gypsum application

24. Pod bug, Elasmolomus sordidus Lygaeidae; Hemiptera Symptom: Freshly harvested pods having shrivelled kernels, Nymph and adult cause damage EP: 4 –5 days, singly ( 150 eggs) in soil or groundnut haulms Nymph: Pinkish in color and nocturnal in habits, NP - 23 –29 days Adult: Dark brown bugs Set up light trap crop residues along irrigation channels to attract the bugs Malathion 4 D @ 25 kg/ha at the time of sowing and earthing up

25. Termite, Odontotermus obesus Termitidae; Isoptera Symptoms: Wilting of plants in patches. Tap roots of wilted plants penetrated, bore holes in pods Biology: Female lays a batch of eggs (100 – 300)- social insects Egg period : 40 – 42 days Management: Soil drenching - Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 3 m l / lit

26. Root grub, Holotrichia consanguinea Melolonthidae; Coleoptera Symptoms : Wilting of plants in patches Wilted plants do not have taproot and rootlets Grub cause damage Biology : Egg period: 7 – 10 days, singly in soil Grub: Whitish yellow in colour Pupa: in soil, diapause from Oct to April Adult: Dark brown beetles

27. Management Deep ploughing to expose the grubs and kill them Crop rotation with rice Adequate irrigation Collect and destroy the adult beetles – neem, Ailanthus and Acacia Carbofuran 3 CG 33 kg/ha or chlorpyrifos 20 EC 1125 ml /ha or phorate 10 CG 25 kg/ ha

28. Reference Dr.S.Manisegaran & Dr.R.Soundararajan (2010) Pest Management in Field Crops: Principles and Practices, Agrobios Indi