pests of mango

Pests of fruits i.e mango. ste borer stone weevil and mango mealy bug

1. PESTS OF MANGO PRESENTED BY: MUZNA KASHAF ROLL NUMBER : 16261514-030

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION STEM BORER MANGO STONE WEEVIL MEALY BUG Distribution Host plant Life cycle Damage control

3. INTRODUCTION Mango is one of the most delicious fruit. Scientific name - Mangifera indica Family - Anacardiacea Mango pulp is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and carbohydrate. It also contains appreciable quantity of magnesium, sodium, iron etc. 175 species of insects have been reported to damage the mango fruit and tree. Few of them are being described below.

4. STEM BORER

5. MANGO STEM BORER Scientific name: ( Batocera rufomaculata ) Mango stem borer is common pest of mango. It is a polyphagous pest, infesting besides mango, apple, fig, mulberry, Eucalyptus, jack fruit, papaya etc. Distribution :- India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri lanka , Burma, Malaysia, South Vietnam, Philippines, East Australia, Africa and Hawaii. Host plants :- Besides mango, it also attacks jack fruit, rubber, fig, eucalyptus, etc .

6. Identification Adult Adult weevil is about 6-8 mm in length, greyish brown in color and stoutly built. Antennae are 10 segmented and elytra are convex. In non-fruiting season, beetles remain hidden under the bark. Single female lays about 15 eggs. The egg hatches within a week. Grub Grub is white, thick, fleshy and legless. The newly hatched grub moults 5 times in about 5 weeks and pupates inside the stone.

7. Life cycle Eggs laid singly on the bark or cracks and crevices on the tree trunk or branches. Incubation period: 1-2 weeks. Grubs yellow, grub period 6 months, and pupal period is 19-36 days. Adults grey with two pink dots and lateral spine on the thorax with a longevity of 6 months. Life cycle may be completed in 1-2 years.

8. DAMAGE Grubs feed inside the stem boring upward making irregular tunnels which results in interruption of nutrient and water transport in the tissue. Drying of terminal shoot in early stages and severe symptoms causes wilting of branches or entire tree. CONTROL Remove and destroy dead and severely affected branches of the tree. Plug borer holes with cotton soaked in kerosene or petroleum and then plastering them from outside with mud Injection of endrin 0.2% into the holes will also kill the borers inside.

9. Mango Stone Weevil

10. Mango Stone Weevil Scientific name is Sternochaetus mangiferae . It is widely distributed in tropics. It is monophagous and is considered most serious pest of mango. Adult weevil is about 6-8 mm in length, greyish brown in colour . In non-fruiting season, beetles remain hidden under the bark. The mother weevil selects a place on the developing fruit, makes a boat or crescent shaped shallow depression by scooping and then lays a single egg and covers it with a transparent liquid secretion.

11. Life cycle Generation is completed in 40-50 days. Emerging adults become inactive and resume breeding in next season only. So there is single generation of this pest per year.

12. DAMAGE : Grub makes zigzag tunnels in pulp, eats unripe tissue and bore into cotyledons. Fruit dropping at marble stage. Tunnelled cotyledons in mature fruit by grubs. CONTROL: Suppressed by destroying all fallen fruits and by disposing of debris etc. It is an internal feeder throughout the development so it is not able to control with any of the insecticides.

13. Mango mealy bug

14. Mango mealy bug Scientific name : Drosicha mangiferae It causes severe damage to mango crop. Excessive and continuous draining of plant sap causes wilting and finally drying of infested tissue. The adult male is winged and small. Female is bigger and wingless. The females can be identified by their flat shape, covered with white flocculent wax covering. The nymphs are flat in shape and pink to brown in colour .

15. Distribution India, Bangladesh, China and South East Asia. Host range Mango, apple, apricot, ber , cherry, Citrus spp., fig, grape vine, guava, jack, jamun , litchi, mulberry and pomegranate.

16. LIFE CYCLE One generation in a year.

17. DAMAGE The nymphs of this pest suck sap from leaves and inflorescence causing dryness leading to flower drop and negligible fruit set. They also secrete honey dew which gives rise to sooty mold attack. CONTROL Release Australian ladybird beetle. If nymphs ascended on tree spray carbosulfan (0.05%) or Dimethoate (0.04%) . Plough orchards during summer to expose the eggs to natural enemies and extreme heat.

18. REFERENCES Prakash Om,IPM Schedule for Mango Pests,(2012) National Horticulture Mission, Ministry of Agricultural, New Dhelhi .  Shivankar V.J., Rao C.N. , Psyllids and Their Management, (2010) ManageNational Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpure . pestsofmangodkscarsbhatapara-160411170507.pdf https://www.slideshare.net/vikramverma102/pests-of-mango-dks-cars-bhatapara?from_action=save