Pests of Sapota, Damage symptoms and their management.pptx

Pests of Horticultural Crops
Pests of Sapota, Damage symptoms and their management. Pests like Sapota leaf webber, Chiku moth, Sapota seed borer, Fruit fly, Stem borer, Hairy caterpillar, Bud borer

1. PESTS OF SAPOTA Presented By Prof. Shid D. C.

2. 1. Sapota leaf webber or Chiku moth S.N. - Nephopteyrx eugraphella Family - Pyralidae Order - Lepidoptera Marks of identification - Adults : Moth small, grey colored, having black forewings with yellow spots on the basal half and black transverse lines on remaining half. Caterpillar: Long, slender, deep pink in color

3. Host plants: Sapota and Bakul Life history: Eggs : On tender shoots or ventral side of leaves Pupa : Pupation inside the folds of webbed leaves Nature of damage – The caterpillar webs the tender leaves with silken threads and excreta and feeds on them under concealed condition. Scrap the chlorophyll content of leaves. Leaves become dried. The infestation of pest can be detected by the presence of webbed shoots, dark brown patches on leaves and dried leaves in clusters on the tree.

4. Management practices – Removal and destruction of dried clusters of leaves and infested plant parts from the tree. Spray 0.1% carbaryl Phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit. Phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit. NSKE 5%

5. 2. Sapota seed borer S.N. - Trymalitis margarias Family - Tortricidae Order – Lepidoptera Host plants : Sapota

6. Life history : Eggs - On fruits Pupa - Pupation in the soil Nature of damage – Larva make a small entry hole on fruits. It initially feeds upon the fruits and then it makes entry hole in seeds and start feeding on inner content of seeds. Infested fruits are unsuitable for consumption. On fruits entry holes are seen.

7. Management practices Field sanitation Use light trap Lambda cyhalothrin 0.025% Deltamethrin @ 1 ml/lit. Bt @ 1 ml/lit.

8. 3. Fruit fly S.N. - Bactrocera dorsalis Family - Trypetidae Order - Diptera Most destructive. Rotting of fruits occur . Host plants : Polyphagous

9. Marks of identification – Adults : Small fly is distinguished by its conical abdomen and brown marking on the wings resembling to common house fly. Maggot : White, small and tapers at one end. Life history : Eggs - Under the rind of fruits Pupation - In soil

10. Nature of damage - Maggots bore into the fruit and feed on pulp. Affected fruits start rotting and drop down. Brown rotten patch appears on fruits. These fruits are unsuitable for consumption.

11. Management practices – Sanitation - Daily removal and destruction of fallen affected fruits. Application of spray bait (20 ml Malathion +200 gm jaggery +20 lit. of water) Spraying of adjoining hedges with chloropyriphos or 0.1% carbaryl Monitor the fruit fly population in orchard by using methyl eugenol trap. Avoid infestation of fruit flies by early harvesting of mature fruits Summer ploughing to expose and kill the pupae.

12. After harvesting dip the fruits in 5% sodium chloride solution for 60 minutes to kill the eggs, if any and also to decontaminate them of insecticide residue if at all present. Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia spp .

13. 4. Stem borer S.N. - Plocaederus ferrugineus Family - Cerambycidae Order - Coleoptera Marks of identification – Adult : Medium sized, reddish brown beetle

14. Life history : Eggs: On stem, leaves Pupa : Pupation inside the stem Nature of damage : The Grubs bore into the stem of plant. Presence of small holes at collar region is noticed. Gummosis observed. Yellowing and shedding of leaves occurs. Drying up of twigs and gradual death of the tree is observed.

15. Management practices – Collect and destroy the damaged plants. Field sanitation Scrap the loose bark and apply Carbaryl 50 WP @ 20g/lit. on the basal portion of trunk. In case of severe infestation apply Copper oxychloride paste on trunk of the tree. One celphos tablet per hole. Apply Carbofuran 3G @ 5 g/hole and plug with mud.

16. 5. Hairy caterpillar S.N. - Metanastria hytaca Family - Lasiocampidae Order - Lepidoptera Marks of identification - Larva- yellowish brown with black spots and long lateral hairs Adult- Forewings are reddish brown while hindwings are white.

17. Life history : Eggs - On leaves Pupa - In soil Nature of damage - After hatching from the eggs caterpillar feed voraciously on leaves. In case of severe infestation complete defoliation is noticed. Management practices Field sanitation Collect and destroy the egg masses Burning the groups of larvae found on tree with burning torch. Chloropyriphos 20 EC or phosalone 2ml/lit. Cypermethrin 0.025% Carbaryl 10D dusting on the trunk and branches

18. 6. Bud borer S.N. - Anarsia achrasella Family - Gelechiidae Order – Lepidoptera Marks of identification - Larva- Small, slender, pinkish brown with black head Adult- Grey moth with black patch on wings

19. Life history : Site of oviposition : On i mmature fruits or buds of sapota Site of pupation : Within or outside the floral webbing Nature of damage : Larva of bud borer feeds by making holes into the petals and ovary resulting in significant crop loss. Webbed flowers and buds are noticed. Shedding of buds and flowers occurs. Bore holes and excreta seen on attacked flowers.

20. Management practices - Spray Phosalone 35EC 2ml/lit. or Phosphamidon 40 SL 2lml/lit. Application of neem oil 2% or NSKE 5%

21. THANK YOU