Pests of Tomato_Identification_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

Fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
Damage symptoms
Larva bores into tender terminal shoots in the vegetative stage and flower buds, flowers and young fruits in the fruit formation stage.
Regular circular boreholes, presence of granular faecal pellets outside the bore hole
Management
Deep summer ploughing
Install pheromone trap @ 12/ha
Use Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ha or Chrysoperla carnea @ 50000/ha at 40 and 50 days after sowing
Apply HaNPV @ 250 Larval Equivalent /ha or B.t (Bacillus thuringiensis) 1 kg/ha or
5% NSKE for monitoring eggs and early instar larvae
Conserve the biocontrol population: spiders, preying mantids, robber fly, ants, green lace wing, damsel flies/dragon flies, lady bird beetles, ground beetle, predatory cricket, braconids, trichogrammatids, NPV, green muscardine fungus

1. Pests of Tomato
By
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD.
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JSACAT
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

2. Fruit borer, Helicoverpaarmigera, Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Damage symptoms
Larva bores into tender terminal shoots in the
vegetative stage and flower buds, flowers and
young fruits in the fruit formation stage.
Regularcircularboreholes,presenceof
granularfaecalpelletsoutsidetheborehole
Distribution and status: Cosmopolitan. Major pest

3. On the forewings, there is speck that forms a V-shaped mark. Hind wings are dull
grey colouredwith a black border on the distal end
Spherical in shape with
sculptures in the form of
longitudinal ribs
The colourvaries according to the food intake. Dorsal surface
bears dark broken stripes. Head is reddish-brown. Larva is highly
cannibalistic and readily eats one another
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

4. Management
Deep summer ploughing
Install pheromone trap @ 12/ha
UseTrichogrammachilonis@ 1 lakh/ha orChrysoperlacarnea@ 50000/ha at 40 and
50 days after sowing
Apply HaNPV@ 250 Larval Equivalent /ha orB.t(Bacillus thuringiensis) 1 kg/ha or
5% NSKE for monitoring eggs and early instar larvae
Conserve the biocontrol population: spiders, preying mantids, robber fly, ants, green
lace wing, damsel flies/dragon flies, lady bird beetles, ground beetle, predatory
cricket, braconids, trichogrammatids, NPV, green muscardinefungus
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

5. South American tomato pinworm/ tomato leaf miner,
Tuta absoluta, Gelichiidae, Lepidoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution.Restricted. Asia, Africa (Cameroon), Oceania.
Symptoms –larva feeds on leaves, stem, calyces and fruits
Silken cocoons
mostly in soil
Have grey-brown speckled wings

6. Management
Collectanddestroythepinwormaffectedplantsandfruits
Keeppheromonetraps@12nos./hatoattractandkilltheadultmoths
Ifneeded,sprayChlorantraniliprole18.5%SC@60mlorCyantraniliprole10%OD
@60mlorFlubendiamide20%[email protected]%SC@100mlor
Neemformulation(Azadirachtin1%or5%)@400–600ml/ac.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

7. Serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyzatrifolii,
Agromyzidae, Diptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Symptomsof damage
Leaves with serpentine mines
Drying and dropping of leaves

8. Minute orange yellowish apodous maggots
Yellowish brown pupates within mines
Pale yellow in colour
Management
Collect and destroy mined leaves
Spray NSKE 5%
Spray Cyantraniliprole10.26 OD 1.8ml/lit
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

9. Leaf eating caterpillar, Spodopteralitura, Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
4
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Early instar larva remain
gregarious and cause
skeletonization.
Later instar cause defoliation
Symptom of damage
Skeletonization, defoliation
The countries with the most widespread population of S. liturainclude but are not limited toChina,
Indonesia, India, Japan, and Malaysia

10. Yellow in colour, laid in mass
and covered with hairs.
Pale greenish with dark markings; gregarious in
the early stages
Brown colour,
obtectpupa
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

11. Moth with wavy white markings on a brown forewing. Hindwings
white with a brown patch along the margin
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

12. Management
Hand pick and destroy the caterpillar
Summer ploughing to expose to the pupae
Use light trap
Apply Bacillus thuringenesis
Field release of egg parasitoid such asTelenomus
spodopteraeand Telenomusremus
Field release of entomopathogenic fungusNomuraea
rileyi
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

13. Whitefly, Bemisiatabaci, Aleyrodidae, Hemiptera
5
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Natureofdamage
Nymphsandadultsremaininclusteranddesap.
Italsoactsasvectorofcottonleafcurlvirus,
vein-clearingdiseaseinbhendi,tobaccoleafcurland
cassavamosaic
Symptomofattack
Whitechloroticspotsappearonleaves.Numberand
qualityofflowerssquaresandbollsgetsreduced.
Nymphsandadultssecretehoneydew,whichleadto
sootymouldformation
Origin inUganda, to the northern, central, eastern and coastal regions of Tanzania

14. Thrips, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniellaschultzi,
Thripidae, Thysanoptera
6
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Damagesymptoms
Smallwhitesilverypatchesareseenall
overtheleaves
Insevereinfestation,leavesdryfromtipto
downward
Management
Cleancultivation,regularhoeing
Floodingofinfestedfieldwillcheckthethripspopulation.
[email protected]%[email protected]%
Frankliniellaschultzi–Vector of tomato spotted wilt virus

15. Fruit sucking moth, Eudocimamaterna, E. fullonica,
E. homoena, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
7
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status:India, Burma, Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, Japan, Indonesia, Korea
Symptom of damage
Adult moth sucks the sap from fruits by making puncture
Male FemaleEudocimamaterna
E. fullonica
E. homoena

16. Management
•Removalofweedplants
•Tinosporacardifolia
•Cocculuspendules
•Cocculushirsutus
•Destructionoffallenanddecayedfruits.
•Smoking
•Collectionofmothsateveningbyhandnets
•Collectionofsemiloopersfromtheweedsandcreepers
•Uselighttrap-Destructioninkerosenisedwaterbelowsuchlight
•Useofpoisonbaitsorcarbaryl2g/l
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Eudocimamaternalarva

17. Hadda/ Spotted beetle, H. vigintioctopunctata,
Coccinellidae, Coleoptera
8
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Symptomsof damage
Scrapping of chlorophyll
Skeletonizationand drying of leaves
Leaves give a stifled appearance
Ladder like scrapping
H. vigintioctopunctata
208

18. 14 spots on each elytra, deep red
Cigar shaped, yellow in colour Yellowish bearing six rows of longitudinal spines
Yellowish with spines on posterior part and
anterior portion being devoid of spines
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

19. Management
Collect damaged leaves with grubs and egg masses and destroy them
Shake plants to dislodge grubs, pupae and adults and destroy
Conserve natural enemies in tomato ecosystem
Spray Carbaryl50 WP @ 3g/lit
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

20. Cabbage green semilooper, Trichoplusiani,
Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
9
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution:Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia.
Symptomsof damage
Scrabbingof leaves initially and defoliation
Greenish-white, spherical and
sculptured eggs laid singly on
ventral surface of leaves
Slender and green in
colourwith light wavy lines
Stout, brown moth, head and
thorax grey in colour

21. Aphid, Aphis gossypii, Myzuspersicae, Aphididae,
Hemiptera
10
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Natureofdamage
Nymphsandadultssucktheplantsap
andlowertheplantvitality.They
producehoneydew,whichresultsin
developmentofblacksootymould.The
damageismoresevereinyoungplants
Symptomofattack
Youngplantsbecomeweak,leafcurls
andwither
Soft, yellow, exist both in winged and wingless
forms. Both forms reproduce
parthenogeneticallyand are viviparous
Tropical and temperate regions throughout the world

22. Management
ETL:15% of infested plant
Avoid late sowing
Treat seeds with Beauveriabassiana@ 10 g/kg
Apply nitrogenous fertilizers judiciously
Grow cowpea as intercrop or on the bunds to increase the natural enemy
build up
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

23. Leafhopper / Jassid, Amrascadevastans,
Cicadellidae, Hemiptera
11
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Natureofdamage
Nymphsandadultsremainbetweentheveinson
theundersurfaceoftheleavesandsucksthe
sap
Symptomofattack
Yellowingofleaves,crinkling,backwardcurling
ofleaves,bronzingandhopperburn,plants
becomestunted
Distribution:Major pest in all cotton-growing region of India

24. Elongate, yellowish eggs are laid singly
within the leaf veins in the
parenchymatouslayer between the
vascular bundles and the epidermis on
the upper leaf surface
Light green, translucent, wingless and wedge shaped
Slender green insect, wedge shaped
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

25. Stem borer, Euzopheraperticella(Pyralidae),
Lepidoptera
12
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution.Restricted. Asia, Africa (Cameroon), Oceania.
Symptomsof damage
Top shoots of young plants droop and wither.
Older plants become stunted.
Fruit bearing is affected
Larva is creamy white
Greyish brown, forewings has
transverse line and hind wingsare
white in colour

26. Stem borer, Phthorimaeaopercullela, Gelichiidae,
Lepidoptera
13
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution.Restricted. Asia, Africa (Cameroon), Oceania.
Potentially feed on tomatoes
It is a serious pest of tomatoes
Larvae eat the leaves, stems, and unripe fruits

27. Red spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus,
Tetranychidae, Acarina
14
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Feedsontheundersurfaceofleavesandcanbefound
coveredinsilkenwebs
Resultoffeeding,yellowspotsappearontheupper
surfaceandturnreddish.
Affectedleavesfinallywitheraway.
Growthandflowerproductionareadverselyaffected.
Management
Remove and destroy the affected parts.
Spray dicofol18.5 EC 1.5ml/l or wettablesulphur50WP 2g/lit