Ph.D. Viva Presentation

“A Study Of Joint Liability Groups with special reference to Sangli District central co-operative bank Ltd., Sangli”, A Thesis Submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Commerce .

1. Welcome

2. “ A Study Of Joint Liability Groups with special reference to Sangli District central co-operative bank Ltd., Sangli”   A Thesis Submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur   For the degree of doctor of philosophy   In Commerce Under the faculty of commerce And Management   By M r . Sushil bhimrao bansode ( M. Com ., G.D.C. & A., SET, NET)   under the guidence of d r . A. B. Waghmare ( M.Com , M. Phil, D.H.E., Ph.D.) Associate Professor of Commerce Chintamanrao College Of Commerce, Sangli Department Of Commerce and management Shivaji University, kolhapur   October - 2022

3. “A Study Of Joint Liability Groups with special reference to Sangli District central co-operative bank Ltd., Sangli” Research Student Reseach Guide M r . Sushil bhimrao bansode d r . A. B. Waghmare ( M. Com ., G.D.C. & A., SET, NET) ( M.Com , M. Phil, D.H.E., Ph.D.)

4. Introduction Joint Liability Group concept was first pioneered by Bank of Agricultural and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) in Thailand as a methodology to finance to small farmers. Based on JLG concept of BAAC, the JLG model had been formulated as pilot project by NABARD in year 2004-2005 . In eight states NABARD started this pilot project. Based on pilot project experienced the concept was operationalzed by RBI and NABARD in year 2006-2007 . The Philosophy of Group Liability to micro credit is “One for all, all for one”. JLG credit provide to small and marginal farmers, tenant farmers, oral lessee, Landless labour, artisans, other semi skilled workers, and rural women. In JLG there are minimum four and maximum ten members required, they come together for taking loan either single or through group mechanism against mutual guarantee. Two Model Of financing Individuals Financing (Model A) Group Financing (Model B) The minimum Rs. 25,000 and maximum amount is Rs. 50,000 per borrower. NABARD provide assistance to the JLGPI Rs. 2000 for the Loan Disbursement, Monitoring and Recovery of JLG.

5. Statement of Problems The Researcher found the following problems in the study area. The statements of problems are divided into Administration, Financial and Social aspects. Administrative Aspects Financing Aspects Social Aspects

6. Administrative Aspects D.C.C. Bank Sangli implemented this scheme from the year 2014. Bank implemented this scheme in only six talukas ( Miraj , Walwa , Palus , Shirala , Kadegaon & Khanapur ). Yet, not reached remaining four talukas ( Tasgaon , Kavatemahankal , Jat & Atpadi ) . In short full-fledged implementation is not there. The Problem of staff shortage and lack of trained employee in respect of loan distribution and its recovery. Lack of trained employee in modern computer savvy staff is also an major hurdle in implementing the on-line concept for speedy processing of loan proposals. Bank has not taken any motivational or skill training program to the JLG members.

7. Financing Aspects The JLG members take a loan from different sources so they find difficulty in repayment of loan in time. There are various reasons for irregular repayment of loan from JLG members. JLG members use the loan to fulfill the various requirements other than the reason mentioned in the loan proposal. JLG members receive loan in small amount so they find difficulties to fulfill their objectives. Diversion of funds for consumption purposes, resulting in to business close down, and member absconding from village etc. The D.C.C. Bank Sangli allot JLGs loan on the basis of member occupation and financial status, the loan amount based on member’s occupation, family income, guarantee of other members and last loan repayment status or CIBIL score. Even seeing all this, banks allot very small amount of loan and charge high interest rate on JLG loan hence JLG members are not satisfied with small loan amount and high interest rate .

8. Social Aspects It is well known that the JLGs philosophy is “one for all, all for one”. On the formation group members take care. Because if one member fail to repayment of loan or member absconding then the other member liable to pay that loan. Most of the unsuccessful JLGs are mainly because of the lack of co-ordination among the members of Group. Political interference is adversely affecting the functioning of JLG under bank management.

9. Statement of Problems 1.Why JLGs not reaches all the branches of Bank? 2. Is JLGs model successfully implemented in Sangli D.C.C. Bank? 3. What is the experience of JLG members from loan disbursement system of bank? 4. Is there any need of new working system for implementation of JLGs? 5. Is sufficient amount given to JLGs member for fulfillment their objectives? 6. Why JLGs recovery system is in developing process not a developed process? 7. Does the geographical and demographic profile of JLG members obstacles in credit allocation and recovery system of banks? 8. What problem does JLGs face in repayment? 9. Which will overcome the drawback of Sangli D.C.C. bank face? 10. Does joint liability cause problems in group relationships?

10. Objectives of the study To Study the working system of JLG related Bank . 2. To study the profile of the selected JLG members . 3. To evaluate the benefits of the JLG Scheme. 4. To assess the loan of members borrowed from other than JLG Scheme . 5. To study the problem and prospectus of JLG schemes in Bank.

11. Hypothesis of the Study 1. H0: JLG Scheme is not a very useful scheme for below poverty line people. H1: JLG Scheme is a very useful scheme for below poverty line people. 2. H0: The loan disbursement of banks is not depends upon the occupation of the JLGs . H1: The loan disbursement of banks is depends upon the occupation of the JLGs .   3. H0: The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is not well developed. H1: The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is well developed .   4. H0 : JLGs members are not satisfied with bank’s timely credit system. H1 : JLGs members are satisfied with bank’s timely credit system. 5 . H0 : In future JLG scheme is not implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area. H1 : In future JLG scheme is implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area.

12. Significance of the study The purpose of this study is to explain Administrative, financial and social problems faced by bank in implementation of JLG schemes in Sangli district. Researcher has selected JLG beneficiaries, bank managers and working staff for JLG, non implemented area bank managers also taken for the study. As per the studies objective this research focus on the working system of bank hence it will be helpful to improve management system and working system of JLGs implementation by banks and the study will also focus on problems and prospectus of that schemes hence the study will be helpful to all other banks in India who are implementing the JLG schemes and also awareness to other bank who still not implemented this scheme. The study not only focus on the problem related to the bank but also focus on the problems related to the JLG groups, hence it will help to the JLG beneficiaries to reduce problems. The researcher using survey methods of data collection for that study by collecting respond of the respondents hence the study shows exact ground level situation hence, this study will be helpful to policy makers by showing errors of that schemes.

13. Scope of the study Geographical Scope: Sangli DCC Bank is functioning in entire Sangli district, so study is restricted to Sangli district only. Topical Scope: The study covered the working of Sangli DCC Bank towards JLG implementation i.e. the aspect of JLG loan disbursement and recovery system and its problems. Analytical Scope The collected data has been evaluated through various statistical techniques such as percentage, tabular and graphical form through computers software such as Microsoft EXCEL and SPSS. The researcher has been mostly used one sample T test for hypothesis testing. Functional Scope The researcher study on the financial, Administrative and Social aspect of bank related to JLG. It includes formation of group, finance to JLG members, recovery from JLG members. As well as focused on JLG promotion strategies used by bank to reach JLG scheme to peoples and relation between JLG members. Also study provides suggestions on administrating, financing and social aspects of JLG related to bank. Periodical Scope The periodic scope of the study has been narrowed down to 2014 to 2019 i.e. five years.

14. Research Methodology Sr. No. Parameters Fact 1 Type of the research study Descriptive research 2 Method of Research Survey method 3 Data collection Primary & Secondary 4 Period of the study 2014-15 to 2018-19 ( 5 years ) 5 Research Area Sangli District 6 Sample unit and size JLG Members Bank’s JLG officers (Implementing area) Branch Manager (Non-Implementing area) 420 87 53 Total Number of Sample respondent 560 7 Data analysis method For Data analysis researcher use Percentage method, One sample tests and data presented in tabular and graphical form.

15. Research Methodology In Brief 1. Type of the research study A s we know Descriptive research can be used to investigate the background of a research problem and obtain the necessary information needed to conduct further research . Considering the objectives of this study i.e. working system of Sangli D.C.C. Bank, loan recovery and distribution system, study the profile of the JLGs members and to study the problems and prospectus of the JLG members as well as bank. This study understands the different dimension of the problems by gathering primary information. So considering purpose of the study it is come under the Descriptive research . 2. Method of the research The primary data was collected by filling questionnaire from selected sample respondent. The questionnaire was prepared for different sample unites. The schedule of meeting to respondent was finalized and administered. The researcher uses the survey method for primary data Collection. 3. Period of the study The present research study, “A Study of the Joint liability Groups with Special Reference to Sangli District Central Co-operative Bank Ltd. Sangli.”, is the first of its kind. The study deals with the work done by the Sangli DCC Bank in its area of the operation regarding JLG scheme. This Bank was established on 28 th March, 1927 but this research study cover only JLG aspect which has been implemented in the bank from the year 2014. However, this research study covers only a period of five years from 2014-15 to 2018-19 .

16. 4 . Data Collection The researcher has studied on Sangli DCC Bank’s JLG implementation system as well as the JLGs problems in study areas. For the data collection mixed methodology was used that means qualitative and quantitative methodology. Through these methodologies both primary and secondary data were collected. The present research study is based on primary as well as secondary data. The primary data is collected by using survey and questionnaire methods and Secondary data is collected by various available sources. 4.1 Primary Data:- The primary data is first hand data hence the data were collected from the sample respondent with the help of schedule of the questionnaire. The source of primary data is JLG members, bank’s JLG officers (JLG implemented area branches) and branch mangers (JLG not implemented area branches). Due to the differences in the view of the respondents in different selected talukas and rural branches, it is usually very difficult to obtain accurate information from the sample branch officers and JLG members in these areas. However, due to personal familiarity, the researcher was able to get the co-operation and appropriate response from the sampling branches and JLG members of Sangli DCC Bank . 4.2 Secondary Data:- The secondary data is collected from books, research articles and papers, news papers, official records of Sangli DCC Bank, circulars, policy letters and last five year’s annual reports of Bank these are the main source of secondary data. This data has been collected by visiting head office of the Bank and selected branches of the Bank. Additional required data was collected from Government Reports, RBI reports and NABARD reports which is referred especially for theoretical analysis.  

17. 5 . Sample Size Sr. No. Sample Respondent Total Size of Sample 1. JLG Members 420 2. JLG officers 87 3. Branch Manager 53 4. Total 560

18. JLG members

19. JLG Bank Officers and Branch mangers

20. 6. Statistical Tool and Techniques of Data Analysis To achieve objective of the study such as identify the practical problems faced by the JLG members and identify the problems of Bank the researcher use the questionnaire method to identify the problems through the questionnaire. The data was processed using statistical tools and techniques using MS Excel and SPSS for testing validity and reliability of questionnaire . The collected data have been presented in form of table, pie-chart, bar diagram. percentage, mean and one sample proportion ( Chi-square & T-test) tests is used to analyze and interpret the data.

21. Limitation of The Study 1. Geographical Limitation:- The present study related to the JLGs of Sangli D.C.C. Bank. So researcher covers Sangli District in Maharashtra.   2. Time Limitation:- The Sangli D.C.C. Bank implemented JLGs from the year 2014. Hence the study is deal with five financial years (2014-2019). 3. Methodology Limitation:- The researcher will focus only on selected JLGs sample. The study is based on primary data, using survey research method. Some inherent limitation of survey method i.e. lack of authentic information from respondents is also a limitation for study.

22. Research Area and parameters Sr. No. Area Parameters 1. Working System of S.D.C.C. Bank related to JLG Question related to area of JLG implanted area of SDCC Bank. Criteria of bank in provide JLG loan, JLG formation system, frequency of meeting with JLG members, training programme for members, Strategies for loan distribution and recovery, JLG promotion strategies’, limitation in branch area for implement this scheme, JLG promotion efforts 2. JLG members Profile Questions related to demographical, geographical and occupational profile of the members. 3. Benefits of JLG Question frame for JLG members as well as SDCC bank officers. For JLG members questions like Changes seen after taking JLG facility, How many people got employment because of JLG etc. For SDCC bank ask the questions related to beneficial of the scheme to BPL. 4. Loan other than JLG loan Questions related to loan taken period, loan borrowing institution, are this loan is obstacle in repayment of JLG loan. 5. Problems of JLG Scheme Questions also framed for JLG members and SDCC bank officers, For the members : problem in group unity, problems from bank, problems in joint liability etc. For the SDCC Bank officers: members support, bank management, promotion channel, resources, problems in loan disbursement and recovery.

23. Justification of parameters 1. Working System of JLG in bank In the first objective of this research is to study the existing working system of the bank related to JLG scheme implantation. The researcher interested to know the exactly that this working system of bank is good or bad. Is there any drawbacks in current working system . The following parameters set to know the current working system is good or bad. Parameters Objective No. 1. Working Area of SDCC Bank JLG loan disbursement system JLG loan recovery system JLG Promotion efforts JLG group formation system To study the Working system of JLG related bank

24. 2. Profile of JLG members In the second objectives of this research, is to study the profile of the JLG members in that objective researcher cover the occupational, demographical and geographical profile of the members. The researcher’s main purpose is to know the What kind of group of individuals is eager to get JLG benefit. The following parameters has set to know the profile of the JLG members. Parameters Objective No. 2. Gender Age Marital Status House type Religion Social Cast category Education Family Type Family size Annual income Family Income Occupation Land available for farming Regular source of Income Location To study the profile of the members

25. 3. Benefit of JLG Scheme From the objective the scheme is usefulness to people are measure in this parameters. The researcher interested to know is really this scheme is very useful to the JLG beneficiaries hence the researcher set the following parameters. Parameters Objective No. 3 Changes seen after taking JLG facility Satisfaction level of loan amount and interest rate of JLG loan Got employment To evaluate the benefit of JLG scheme

26. Loan borrowed from other than JLG scheme In the fourth objective of the study research is to asses the loan of members, borrowed from other than JLG scheme. The researcher interested to know is other loan create obstacle in repayment of JLG loan. Parameters Objective No. 4 Other loan taken ( b efor or after JLG benefit) Obstacle in repayment of JLG loan To assess the loan of members borrowed from other than JLG scheme

27. Problem in JLG scheme in bank Different types of problems facing by the JLG members and also bank officers. The parameters of the problems related to JLG are given below. Parameters Objective No. 5 Problem in group unity problems from bank problems in joint liability Problems in loan amount and interest rate Lack of members support, Bank management Promotion channel, Lack of Resources problems in loan disbursement and recovery To study the problems and prospectus of the JLG scheme in bank.

28. Chapter Scheme 1. Introduction The first chapter deals with introduction of JLG and its distribution in India, Maharashtra and Sangli District. Also this chapter introduce of research subject in respect of statement of problem, significance of study, objectives, hypothesis, methodology, scope and limitation of study and chapter scheme. 2. Review of Literature and conceptual background The second chapter will cover the review of books, journal, government report, banks report and related research work of M.Phil. and Ph.D . This chapter also describes the conceptual framework of JLG. 3. Organizational profile The third chapter will cover the historical background and current profile of Sangli D.C.C. Bank. 4. Data Analysis and Interpretation. This chapter deals with primary and secondary data collected by the researcher regarding JLG group and bank. The collected data is analysis and interpret in this chapter with use appropriate statistical tools. Hypothesis testing and results were discussed in this chapter. 5 . Findings and Suggestion. The fifth chapter will be of findings of present study and suggestion will be given as per the analysis and interpretation of data .

29. Review of Literature Sr. No. Type of Literature No. of literature 1 Review of Books and Booklet 2 2 Review of Research papers/ Articles/ Reports & Newsletters 36 3 Review Newsletter & Circulars 03 4 Review of M.Phil. Dissertation 03 5 Review of Ph.D. Thesis 05 Total 49

30. Research Gap After going through various literatures, such as books, Journals, Booklets, Ph.d thesis and M.phil dissertation, it found that Various researches have been studied on various aspects of JLGs. After review of available literature on JLGs and Sangli D.C.C. Bank, present researcher observed that no one has focus on specially problems of JLGs microfinance scheme in Sangli D.C.C. Bank. The researcher has found no research work which was done regarding JLG in Sangli DCC Bank which includes the following aspects- Problems faced by SDCC bank in implementation of JLG scheme. Why JLG not reaches all the branches of Sangli DCC Bank. Problems of members availing JLG facility in Sangli DCC Bank. So to understand the above aspects of JLG scheme in Sangli DCC Bank, researcher has selected the topic entitled- “A Study Of Joint Liability Groups with special reference to Sangli District central co-operative bank Ltd., Sangli”

31. Profile of Organization

32. STRUCTURE OF BANK

33. Financial Position of Bank Particular 2013-14 2014-15 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 Member:- Person Society 363 3994 364 4007 365 4053 365 4085 366 4101 Share Capital 10,426.02 10,898.21 11,478.58 12,133.73 12,817.84 Reserve and other fund 23,315.34 25,841.78 33,480.47 38,642.41 40,063.56 Deposit 3,40,537.40 3,60,533.50 4,27,597.80 4,44,543.80 4,82,241.04 Outside Loan 13,328.03 18,128.02 27,216.39 49,356.70 44559.86 Investment 1,45,130.50 1,24,787.30 1,51,045.70 1,61,982.70 1,69,799.63 Loan Given 2,24,253 2,67,012.38 3,16,528.20 3,23,533.60 3,78,866.16 Working Capital 4,02,445.02 4,33,612.07 5,19,306.08 5,65,503.18 6,06,617.00 Profit 2,716.94 4,833.67 8,470.33 5,165.02 7,296.01 Branches 218 218 218 218 218 Branches in Profit 215 216 217 212 213 Audit Class A A A A A

34. JLG distribution by bank from 2014 to 2019

35. Data Analysis & Interpretation Analysis and interpretation of data is done in following way: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF JLG MEMBERS ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF JLG group Analysis AND INTERPRETATION of JLG officers of Bank. Analysis AND INTERPRETATION of the Branch Manager (JLG Scheme Non implemented area) analysis and interpretation Other

36. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF JLG MEMBERS The collected data from respondents i.e. from JLG MEMBERS have been presented, analyzed and interpreted in following way: Demographical Profile of JLG members (Table No. 4.1) Occupational Profile of JLG members ( Table No. 4.2)

37. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF JLG group The collected data from respondents i.e. from JLG MEMBERS have been presented, analyzed and interpreted in following way: General Profile of Joint Liability Groups (Table No. 4.3) Business Profile JLG Groups (Table No. 4.4) Sources of Information of JLG Scheme (Table No. 4.5) Objective of Formation of JLG Group (Table No. 4.6) Changes in Life after Taking Advantage of the JLG Facility (Table No. 4.7) Generate Employment Because of JLG (Table No. 4.8) JLG Scheme is Useful for Below Poverty Line People (Table No. 4.9) Problems Faces by the Groups (Table No. 4.10) Obstacles in Group Success (Table No. 4.11) Members Feel about a Joint Liability (Table No. 4.12) Problems Rise Because of Joint Responsibility (Table No. 4.13) JLG Loan Information and Satisfaction Level of Members (Table No. 4.14) Expectations of Members from Bank (Table No. 4.15 ) Meeting of Group Members (Table No. 4.16) Bank’s Initiatives for JLG Succession (Table No. 4.17) Selection of Sangli DCC Bank to Take Advantages of JLG (Table No. 4.18) Bank’s Procedure for Loan Recovery System from JLG Groups (Table No. 4.19) Treatment of Bank Officers in Disbursement of JLGs Loan (Table No. 4.20) Members Satisfy with Timely Bank Credit System (Table No. 4.21) The Method of Getting JLG Loan from Sangli DCC Bank (Table No. 4.22) Demonetization Impact on JLG members ( Table No. 4.23) Loan Taken by Members Other Than JLG Loan (Table No. 4.24)

38. Analysis AND INTERPRETATION of JLG Officers of Bank The collected data from respondents i.e. from Working Bank Officers for JLG scheme have been presented, analyzed and interpreted in following way: Branch Area (Table No. 4.25) Reason for Successful JLG in Branch Area (Table No. 4.26) Reason for Unsuccessful JLG in Branch Area (Table No. 4.27) Rebate for Successful Group (Table No. 4.28) Criteria for JLG Loan Disbursement (Table No. 4.29) Bank Strategies for Loan Recovery from Unsuccessful Groups (Table No. 4.30) Limitation for JLG Implementation in Branch Area (Table No. 4.31) Problems Faces in Loan Distribution (Table No. 4.32) Problems Faces in Loan Recovery from Unsuccessful Groups (Table No. 4.33) Loan Recovery System from JLG Groups (Table No. 4.34) Size of the JLG in Bank Area (Table No. 4.35) Under Which Scheme People Prefer to Take Benefits (Table No. 4.36) Bank’s Credit System for JLG Scheme (Table No. 4.37) Efforts Taken by Bank for JLG Promotion (Table No. 4.38) JLG Scheme Beneficial for Below Poverty Line People (Table No. 4.39) NABARD’s Policies and Bank Satisfaction (Table No. 4.40) Demonetization Impact on Banking Functions (Table No. 4.41)

39. Analysis AND INTERPRETATION of the Branch Manager (JLG Scheme Non implemented area) The collected data from respondents i.e. from the Branch Manager (JLG Scheme Non implemented area) have been presented, analyzed and interpreted in following way: Area of Branch ( Table No. 4.42) Barriers to Implementation of JLG in Branch Area (Table No. 4.43) JLG can be Implemented in Your Branch in Near Future (Table No. 4.44) The Reasons that Bank Motivate to Implement JLG (Table No. 4.45) Interest of Branches to Implement Schemes Like SHGs and JLGs (Table No. 4.46)

40. Other analysis and interpretation The collected data from bank records have been presented, analyzed and interpreted in following way: Taluka wise Bank’s JLG Loan NPA Table (Table No. 4.47)

41. Hypothesis Testing HYPOTHESIS: 1 Researcher has analyses impact of JLG finance on income, employment, economic condition and savings of poor people. For this reason researcher has formed following hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS: 1 : JLG Scheme is not a very useful scheme for below poverty line people. H0: JLG Scheme is not a very useful scheme for below poverty line people. H1: JLG Scheme is a very useful scheme for below poverty line people.

42. Result of Hypothesis Testing- 1 Researcher has used One sample t-test for testing this hypothesis. Because One-sample t-test is a statistical hypothesis test used to determine whether an unknown population mean differs from a specific value. If define is mean score of usefulness of JLG to below poverty line people then mathematically hypothesis is defined as V/s Response collected from JLG members about usefulness of JLG scheme to the below poverty line people (Table No. 4.9) One sample t-test Test Value = 3 t df Sig. (1-tailed) Mean Difference Is the JLG scheme useful for (Member) below poverty line people 33.368 419 . 000 1.057 Response from Sangli DCC Bank Officers about usefulness of JLG scheme to the below poverty line people (Table No. 4.39) One-Sample t-test Test Value = 3 t df Sig. Mean Difference Is the JLG scheme useful for (Member) below poverty line people 20.659 86 0.000 1.506 Result Sr. No . Hypothesis Statements Decision H JLG Scheme is not a very useful scheme for below poverty line people. Reject H 1 JLG Scheme is a very useful scheme for below poverty line people. Accepted

43. HYPOTHESIS: 2 The bank has set some criteria for JLG loan distribution such as profile of the members, occupation of members , family background, business background and economic background. Researcher has analyses Which criteria does the bank gives value most in distribution of JLG loan. For this reason researcher has formed following hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS: 2 : The loan disbursement of banks is not depends upon the occupation of the JLGs. H0: The loan disbursement of banks is not depends upon the occupation of the JLGs. H1: The loan disbursement of banks is depends upon the occupation of the JLGs.

44. Result of Hypothesis Testing- 2 Researcher has used Chi-square test of Independence for testing this hypothesis. This test is used to determine whether two categorical or nominal variables are likely to be related or not. From Table No. 4.29 , there are five criteria of loan disbursement. Here the researcher collect response from bank officer related different criteria of JLG loan disbursement. The collected responses are divided in YES and No option for testing the hypothesis. A total of 87 JLG officials ticked different criteria out of which JLG officials ticked criteria is taken “yes” and rest of response is taken as “no”. Loan Disbursement Frequency Yes No Criteria of Bank for loan disbursement Profile members 4 83 Occupation of members 26 61 Family background 14 73 Business background 48 39 Economical background 22 65

45. Chi-square Test of Independence Result Sr. No . Hypothesis Statements Decision H The loan disbursement of banks is not depends upon the occupation of the JLGs. Reject H 1 The loan disbursement of banks is depends upon the occupation of the JLGs. Accepted Hypothesis Chi-square Value df P- Value Decision The loan disbursement of banks is not depends upon the occupation of the JLGs. 64.007 4 Reject

46. HYPOTHESIS: 3 Lending money to JLG and recovery money from JLG is the main function of Sangli DCC Bank staff who working for JLG scheme. Researcher has analyses these functions are properly worked or not, because if these functions fails to work properly then whole system of JLG collapse. For this reason researcher has formed following hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS: 3 : The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is not well developed. H0: The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is not well developed. H1: The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is well developed.

47. Result of Hypothesis Testing- 3 Researcher has used One Sample Proportion test for testing this hypothesis. The following results prepare from the T able No. 4.54 Let P is proportion of JLG members/Officers who says credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is “Good or Best”. Therefore the hypothesis of testing is against Sample Proportion Chi-square value df P-value Decision JLG Officers 1 85.011 1 Reject JLG members 0.995 410.06 1 Reject P value is ‘0’ hence reject null hypothesis Result Sr. No . Hypothesis Statements Decision H The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is not well developed. Reject H 1 The bank credit system to JLGs and loan recovery system from JLGs is well developed. Accept

48. HYPOTHESIS: 4 Researcher has analyses bank provide credit amount to JLG members within time or take too much time in the completion of process and distribution of fund. For this reason researcher has formed following hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS: 4 : JLGs members are not satisfied with bank’s timely credit system. H0: JLGs members are not satisfied with bank’s timely credit system. H1: JLGs members are satisfied with bank’s timely credit system.

49. Result of Hypothesis Testing- 4 Researcher has used One Sample Proportion test and Once sample T-test for testing this hypothesis. JLG members (Table No. 4.21) One Sample Proportion test Bank officers (Working for JLG) (Table No. 4.37- 2 ) Once sample T-test against Sample proportion Chi-square value df Significance value Decision JLGs members Satisfaction 0.9261905 303.45 1 <0.00001 Reject N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 87 4.29 0.730 0.078 Test Value = 3 t df Significance value Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 16.451 86 0.000 1.287 1.13 1.44 Result Sr. No . Hypothesis Statements Decision H JLGs members are not satisfied with bank’s timely credit system. Reject H 1 JLGs members are satisfied with bank’s timely credit system. Accept

50. HYPOTHESIS: 5 Researcher has analyses bank's perspective on JLG allocation in near future in JLG non implemented area. For this reason researcher has formed following hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS: 5 : In future JLG scheme is not implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area. H0: In future JLG scheme is not implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area. H1: In future JLG scheme is implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area.

51. Result of Hypothesis Testing- 5 Researcher has used Once Sample T-test for testing this hypothesis from the help of Table No. 4.44 To test the above hypothesis, used one sample t-test and from the t-test, it is seen than significance value is less than 0.998, therefore it gives evidence that null hypothesis is not reject and conclude that Sangli D.C.C. Bank Microfinance officers/Branch Managers agreed that in future JLG scheme is not implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area. N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 53 2.42 1.406 .193 against Test Value = 3 t df Sig Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper -3.028 52 0.998 -0.585 -0.97 -0.20 Result Sr. No . Hypothesis Statements Decision H In future JLG scheme is not implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area. Accept H 1 In future JLG scheme is implemented in bank branches where JLGs not implemented area. Reject

52. Findings Findings related to JLG Groups The JLG facility is mostly taken by the female members as compared to male counterparts. There are a total 284 female members taken JLG facility out of selected 420 JLG members that means female members show more interest in JLG scheme. (Table No. 4.1) The highest participation of the member were in age group of 25 to 35 years. And lowest participation of the members was less than 25 years age group. (Table No. 4.1) The married 74.8 % peoples show high interest to take JLG facility as compare to unmarried members that means the financial need mostly shows in the married people. (Table No. 4.1) The number of Open category JLG members is more 54.5% in total sample size and ST and NT category member are only 3.8 % and 3.3 % respectively. (Table No. 4.1) Out of 420 samples of JLG members, 15.5% of respondents are graduated, the highest member i.e 56.2% and 24.3% is completed secondary and higher secondary schooling respectively, and very less i.e. 4.0% members are illiterate, hence it shows that the literacy rate is good among JLG . (Table No. 4.1) Whose family size is too large they take JLG facility. Whose family size low they take less JLG benefit. Family support, family dependency of members factor impact on the loan taken. Some members take loan for solving family‟s financial problems (Table No. 4.1) . The mostly JLG member‟s annual income is up to Rs.25,000 and Rs. 25,000 to 50,000 hence most of the members come under BPL category who take the full benefit of JLG scheme. Whereas whose income is more than Rs. 50,000 they also take benefit of that scheme. At the same time the members whose family income comes between 50,000 to 1,00,000 they take highest benefit of JLG scheme i.e 52.6% JLG members and very less 11.7% members family income comes under up to 50,000 i.e. both BPL and APL can take JLG benefit . ( Table No. 4.1) .

53. It concludes that the 38.8 % members are engaged in agricultural activities. Only 5.2% members engaged in cottage industry. That means the highest JLG loan is taken by members who engage in agriculture activity. (Table No. 4.2) . It shows that 59.5% JLG member own land and only 40.5% members are landless labours , for farming that means the farmer as well as landless farmer are also interested to take JLG benefit (Table No. 4.2) 67.6 % have regular income and only 37.4% does not have regular source of income that means both members take JLG loan who have regular source of income and who don‟t have. (Table No. 4.2) The benefit of JLG scheme is highly taken by rural area peoples as compared to urban area peoples. There are a total of 284 beneficiaries of JLG in rural areas while there are 136 beneficiaries of JLG in urban areas. (Table No. 4.3) Who working individually in group they take individual loan in group. Only 15% JLG members taken JLG loan in group category. The highest member takes loan for fulfil personal financial need (Table No. 4.3 ) The Most of the members (77.9%) come together informally that mean they know each other very well that means this is a social informal group, and only 22.1% members are from group established formally, this group formed by the bank staff. That means some member are not well known to each other, the members only come together for getting JLG loan facility. (Table No. 4.3) 59.8 % members take benefit of only one-time JLG facility and very less amount of members i.e. only 36.9 % members take refinance facility, and 6% SHG member shows the interest in JLG, hence the old JLG members and SHG members show less interest in JLG (Table No. 4.3) . It shows that 5 members or more than 5 members are taking JLG facility that means bank strictly follows the NABARD policies regarding formation of group. (Table No. 4.3) In every group there is trained member who have good knowledge and skill of their work and proper knowledge about the JLG scheme. The highest 83.8% groups have 1 to 3 trained members and only 2.1% groups have no any trained members. (Table No. 4.3 )

54. Most of the members engage in agricultural, trading and service activity. The highest 40% member’s engage in agriculture. The highest 60.5% take self decision for do these business or occupation. 65.2% member had business before Joining JLG and 34.8 % members started to do business after Join JLG hence the most business people take JLG facility to fulfill their business financial need. The JLG can help to continue business as well as to start new business, at the same time the 5.5% JLG member are take government subsidy. The members pay regular loan’s installment from profit of the business, 96.4 members not maintaining any books of accounts that means the members have no any register maintain of their transaction. (Table No. 4.4) 294 out of 420 members i.e. 70% highest members get information of JLG from bank office staff where as from mass media no one get information, that means no promotion to JLG is from any mass media, but the local bank staff take too much efforts to promote JLG scheme in their area. (Table No. 4.5) Most of the JLG member’s (37.9%) objective to form Group is to fulfill need of money which required doing farming activity successfully and only 7.9% JLG member’s objective is only getting loan to fulfill personal temporary financial need. (Table No. 4.6) The highest JLG members (46.7%) members feel positive effect of JLG scheme is to growth in business, very less members i.e 4.5 % and 9.3% response to saving for the children and increasing economic condition of family. But in overall the JLG scheme positively make some changes in the lives of the peoples. (Table No. 4.7) JLG helps to create employment, because of JLG loan most of the people come in employment . ( Table No. 4.8) The 51.7% members think Bank‟s loan allotment system is the main problem. Bank loan allotment system problems include the improper selection of members, too much time taken in loan sanction process etc. Bank‟s recovery system includes bank staff regularly visit the home of members and forced to pay instalment . The 35.2% members response to Lack of unity in group member include that the group formed in two ways i.e formally and informally, formally formed group is formed by the bank hence there is very less co-ordination in the group members hence this is the limitation in group succession. Informally formed group if one member fails to repay instalment then other member have to repay that instalment amount but some time the unpayable member take undue benefit of that scheme and continuously not repaying hence there is more possibility to raise clashes between group members. Very less i.e. 4.5% members response to unhealthy Business environment means there is no scope or very less response to business in the located area. (Table No. 4.10)

55. The highest 48.3% members said that lack of bank support is the main obstacle in the group succession. That means bank is not very supportive with group members. Members said banks forcefully recover instalment , refuse to give additional amount if required. 28.1% response to the lack of members support means there lack of social capital among members. 18.1% members response to geographical problem means, if the member‟s geographical location is rough porn rural area, he face problems in repay of loan. The 3.1% member reposes to demographical profile of members that means age group, literacy, annual income etc. factory of members. Very less 2.1 % member response to business stoppage it creates measure problems in loan repayment within time. (Table No. 4.11) Measure the response of the people about Joint liability plan. Highest 57.4 % members said its better, 27.1 % said excellent and very less amount of members i.e 15.5% members said its good hence it conclude that the JLG plan is overall better. (Table No. 4.12) The most of the member (36.7%) response to ‘yes’ joint responsibility create problems because when group formed that time all the members take one another responsibility regarding business responsibility, credit responsibility. Hence when the clashes arise between members no one ready to play our responsibility in regarding group. (Table No. 4.13) 65.7% members said that they are not satisfied with loan amount. All 100% members of JLG said that, their repayment period is of 24 months i.e 2 years. The poor people want to increase loan amount and also increase repayment period with low instalment amount. Low instalment amount can be easy and affordable to poor people and as well as most of the member 76.4% is not satisfied with the bank interest rate. Hence the demand from the members is to reduce interest rate and increase loan amount. at the same time members want to increase repayment period and interval also.( Table No. 4.14 , 4.15 ) 99.5 % members are not holding regular meetings. This means that the members are not interested in the meeting of the groups. Regular meeting creates strong social ties among members, also reduces loan defaulters. 99.5% of the members occasionally arrange the meeting, but no penalty is taken from the members for not attending the meeting. There are no hard and fast rules regarding meeting of members. (Table No. 4.16)

56. Even Bank‟s behavior is favorable towards group members but the bank is not taking any motivational programmers for the group or not taking meeting of group members regularly hence the bank‟s initiative for group is very less. (Table No. 4.17) Local bank staff play a very important role in attracting customers towards the JLG scheme, the highest JLG members take JLG loan because of local bank staff. ( Table No. 4.18) Highest 75% member agreed that the bank's recovery process is good i.e. bank's loan recovery process is not so bad and not so best but it is okay. (Table No. 4.19) All the JLG members happy with the treatment of bank officers regarding JLG loan disbursement. (Table No. 4.20) The highest JLG members 84.5% response to the method of getting JLG loan from the bank is mediocre. The methods are not so easy and not so difficult but it is okay. ( Table No. 4.22) Impact of demonetization on JLG working. In that table collect response of member segment wise, the segment divided into five categories. Effect of growth of business, effect on profitability of business, Effect on saving JLG’s loan instalment and interest payment, Effect on Bank JLG financing system. On an average 42.3% and 43.8% members strongly agree and agree with this segment respectively. Hence reality is that the demonetization badly impact on JLG‟s overall working. (Table No. 4.23) Out of 420 JLG members, 254 Members take other than JLG loan. The highest 87 members i.e. 20.7% members take loan after taking JLG scheme benefit and 167 i.e. 39.8% members take loan before take JLG scheme benefit. Most (42.6%) members borrow from another bank and the loan repayment period is also 24 months, similar to the JLG repayment period. The highest 59.3% members agree that the other loan create obstacles in repayment of the JLG loan. (Table No. 4.24)

57. Findings related to Sangli DCC Bank (JLG implemented area) While a majority of bank officers (62.1%) agreed that strong bank management is the reason for successful JLGs in branch areas, only 12.6 % members responded to the role of promotion channel as the reason for successful JLGs in branch areas. That means role of promoting channel is play very less role . (Table No. 4.26) The most (57.5%) bank officers agreed that lack of support of members is the main reason for unsuccessful JLGs in branch sector. (Table No. 4.27) The all branches give rebate to the JLG member by considering the repayment period of loan and timely payment of interest and loan amount. (Table No. 4.28) The most of the Bank’s branches disbursement of JLG loan to customer by considering the business background and occupation of members . ( Table No. 4.29) The highest bank officers i.e. 46% take legal action against group when the bank finds that the group loan is in default. (Table No. 4.30) Staff Scarcity and Debt Wavier schemes implemented by government are the main limitation to the banks in implementation of JLG scheme in any working area of bank. (Table No. 4.31 ) The highest bank branch faces problem in loan disbursement such as improper loan document (109.2%) and political pressure (54%). Very less response gives to senior pressure (32.2%). (Table No. 4.32 )

58. Although the bank officer says the bank's loan recovery system is good and best, yet they are facing such a problem lack of support group members, Shortage of staff, natural calamities and political intervention. The highest 48.3% bank officer face lack of support group member is the main problem in JLG loan recovery. (Table No. 4.33 and 4.34 ) The size of JLG is increasing in bank and the highest bank officer 98.9% said people prefer to take a loan under JLG scheme that means the people most interested to take JLG benefit from bank.(Table No. 4.35 and 4.36 ) Bank conduct financial literacy camp, mouth publicity and take help of NGO to promote JLG, mostly bank branches give high preference (58.6%) to the financial literacy camp and mouth publicity, bank not take any mass media help to promote JLG ( Table No. 4.38 and reference from Table No. 4.5 also.) The highest bank officer 98.9 % are happy with NABARD‟s JLG policies at the same time 48.3% highest bank officer think, the less paper work is hurdles or barriers in implentation of JLG scheme and 78.2% bank officers think, loan allotment to low income holder is good policy in implementation of JLG in working area of bank. (Table No. 4.40) On the date 8th Nov, 2016 government announced demonetization and it badly affect on the working system of bank. Its possibility is that the most of the JLG unsuccessful in bank area because of demonetization. This means that the changing external environment has a negative impact on the functioning of banking. (Table no. 4.41) The all the JLG members i.e 420 members and 87 JLG officers are agreed that the JLG scheme is useful scheme to below poverty line people. (Table No. 4.9 , 4.48 , 4.49 , 4.39 , 4.50 and 4.51 ) While there are other criteria, the bank only seems to place great importance on occupation criteria for loan disbursement. (Table no. 4.52 , 4.53 ) There is positive response from bank officer and JLG members towards the bank's credit system hence the bank credit system is well developed. (Table No. 4.54 and 4.55 ) According to JLG Bank officials and JLG members, the banks timely credit system is well developed in the bank. (Table No. 4.21 , 4.37 , 4.56 , 4.57 and 4.58 )

59. Findings related to Sangli DCC Bank (JLG Non-implemented area) Political intervention to support local societies, geographical factor and lack of trained staff and Unhealthy environment for finance is the main barriers to implement JLG in branch area that's why the highest officers agreed that in the future, JLG cannot be implemented in their branch areas. (Table No. 4.43 , Table No. 4.44 , 4.59 and 4.60 ) All the branches including who not implemented JLG in their working area, these branches are implemented SHG programme but If the bank decides to allocate JLG, the only reason is to increase the business. (Table No. 4.45 and 4.46 )

60. Other Findings There were total 1680 groups come under NPA. The highest NPA in the Miraj Talukas and no NPA in the Kadegaon Talukas . The main difference is that Miraj has not follow strict rules in loan disbursement of JLG but the Kadegaon follows Bank's and NABARD’s rules as well as Kadegaon bank branches make their own rules and strategies for JLG disbursement and recovery, hence there is no NPA in Kadegaon. (Table No. 4.47)

61. Suggestions Suggestion Related To JLG JLG members should keep the number of members in their small group i.e. group of only 5 members. While selecting the group members, choose those members who are a little financially aware. This will increase the influence of the group on the bank and increase the chances of getting more loan amount. Since the group size is small, each member can benefit from a reasonable loan amount. JLG member should take precaution before select the group member; they don't select those peoples who already taken loan from other financial institution. JLG members should be given equal responsibility at different levels. It makes them more confident and helps them to fight social evils as a group. The Group concept and concept of belonging to be inculcated among the members through proper motivation at the initial stage itself. Group members should be given intensive training in group cohesion, group integration and self-reliance for the sustainability of JLGs on one hand for upliftment of villagers on the other. In the present study the lack of decision making ability was found in the members. Avoid coming together on the basis of just listening and saying someone and forming groups based on misconceptions. Therefore, proper and realistic decision making ability of JLG members should be ensured for healthy growth of JLG concept. JLG members should be given equal responsibility at different levels. It makes them more confident and helps them fight social evils as a group . The group leader/representative should hold a regular meeting of the members. So that everyone can discuss any problems before members, problems in loan repayment, problems in group business any other personal or impersonal problem. These meetings should have some strict rules so that all the members attend the meeting. This will establish good relations among all the members and early loan repayment will be possible. It is suggested to inculcate the system of timely rotation of group representatives should be made mandatory so that it can improve the leadership quality, belongingness towards group and all round development of each member. There may be events in the future which may affect the economy as a whole like demonetization in 2016 so the Group should have flexibility in its operations so that it does not face any loss if such events happen in the future. The group needs trained members for such flexibility.

62. Suggestion Related To Sangli DCC Bank (JLG scheme implemented area) NABARD and RBI will have to implement/initiate new innovative programs like the existing Micro Enterprise Development Program. The new program should incorporate recent trends and technological improvements. Conduct sensitization programmes for Bank officials working at Branch level. Revamp the modalities, to simplify the process and processing time, so that timely disbursement is possible. Sangli DCC Bank will have to provide separate training on digital maintenance of documents; this will reduce operational cost and improve accessibility. Staff to be encouraged to become computer savvy and speed up the process through the system. Correct selection of JLG members and formation of groups by involving well dedicated NGOs, with local spirit. The no frills account holder in JLG concept will help in the right selection of the customers. Banks can take the help of intermediaries suggested by NABARD for awareness generation, right selection of members, formation of groups, their nurturing, capacity building, recovery etc. Conduct programmes after doing necessary ground work, to bring local spirit and belongingness about their group and to achieve stable and consistent growth . The amount sanctioned by bank to JLG members is limited, it does not meet their needs and does not have the capacity to start new business. Therefore, bank may consider increasing their sanction amount based on the need and market condition in reality. They should not stick exactly to the existing scale of finance. Sangli DCC Bank being main party in deciding scale of finance, need based improvement needs to be made for the district as a whole. The interest rate charged by the bank is too high. Bank has to make a re-look on this aspect, considering the aspect of social capital, it should not be treated with clean or unsecured loans and proper pricing to be done in view of continuous and good business for the bank in days to come. This is coming under the priority sector lending is also to be borne in mind and accordingly, a justifiable interest rate with an element of encouraging concession needs to be incorporated. The interest rate should generally be between 11 to 14%.

63. Most of the members involved in JLG scheme have hardly completed primary or secondary school and rarely college education, this is one of the major hurdle in rural economic development. Bank should endeavor to create awareness about JLG scheme among the educated but unemployed youth. Lack of monitoring by bank leads to underdeveloped development of JLGs, so regular monitoring of the business activity of JLG members must be maintained. Regular monitoring enriches the financial discipline among the members and miss- utilisation of fund etc. will be curbed and regular repayment is ensured. Regular conduct of financial literacy camps is suggested as an effective tool to create awareness of JLG schemes and benefit of doing work in group or team spirit and as a business aspect. Conducting financial and digital literacy camps in proper spirit is need of the hour in this respect. With the help of NABARD Bank, is taking initiatives and conducting camps in nook and corner of the district. This will work as an important boost to create awareness and importance of JLG among the villagers. The bank should reduce the bank's interest rate in consultation with NABARD and focus on increasing the loan amount. The bank should decide the loan amount considering the income generation capacity and financial condition of the group. JLG Should be run by a separate department of bank headed by properly trained, expert in debt lending and having attachment with rural environment and urban poor environment. Other employees of the bank should not be allotted or identified for JLG work. Bank should adopt the system of conducting quarterly or six-monthly meeting and collect monthly or quarterly report from each group of their progress. If necessary, bank should try to arrange meeting with expert if any group requires any technical help . Banks should also embark on capacity building measures such as conducting training programs for stakeholders, creating awareness and sensitizing the JLG concept for both the bank's own employees as well as the target group. The operational staff of the bank should be familiar with the concept, benefits for banks and customers under the programmes.

64. NABARD may consider supporting capacity-building programs such as publication of pamphlets, use of media (print as well as non-printed) for the employees of the Bank for greater awareness and orientation. Bank staff should feel as matter of pride, while working on this mission . At Bank level requires a capacity building training for financing JLGs. Effort requires training of bank officers at the field level and at the controlling office level. Banks can leverage their training establishments to provide training to their employees in JLG financing. NABARD will provide support to branch level employees and conduct bank-specific programs as well as appropriate awareness programs for its mid level and senior officers. Banks may forward specifically requests for the same to the Regional Offices of NABARD so that, they will be nominated for high level intensive training programs conducted at National Level and in turn they can impart training to field level staff. JLG members can move from JLG scheme to other loan schemes if the bank or NABARD does not address the problem (problem mentioned in finding no. 26 ). Bank officials and NABRAD officials should work together to mitigate these problems by making structural changes in JLG policies. There are two factors that affect banks one is internal factor and the other is external factor. Internal factor may be controllable like bank management but external factor is not controllable like Demonetization incident in 2016 had overall effect on operations of Sangli DCC Bank so bank should adopt flexible working structure. As Kadegaon branch has framed its own rules for allotment and collection of JLGs, each branch should frame its own rules for levying JLGs keeping in view the conditions of branch jurisdiction. Bank should build strong research and development team for this purpose.

65. Suggestion Related To Sangli DCC Bank (JLG scheme non implemented area) JLG loans can be effectively developed in areas where social penalties are followed and strictly implemented. Bank should focus on those areas, make them favourable for this concept and then implement the scheme. The bank should use Kaizen Principle to implement the scheme in unimplemented areas. The first step is to give loan according to the income group i.e. the borrowing capacity based on income generation and then form atleast 5 groups. Then focus on their recovery. If the group is successfully repay loan then the JLG scheme should be implement in that area. This technique bank can apply for both formal and informal JLG group Bank should also follow the principles of Pareto technique of management to implement the scheme in non-implemented areas. Bank should select few groups, before process of loan distribution bank should use 80:20 theory of parrot. Bank should give preference to do 20% that type of work which gives 80 % benefit. 20% of the work is involved such as promoting JLG, selecting authentic groups, keeping and collecting information about these people i.e. studying the profiles of the members, check credit history of the people and then disbursement of loan amount. This technique applies on both formal and informal JLG group.

66. Bank should follow Deming Wheel technique such as (Plan-Do-Study-Act) to implement JLG. This technique is applicable only to the formal JLG group that is created under the supervision of the bank. Plan: Identify opportunities and plan for change. There are honest people in every field who repay the full loan within the time, these people are our opportunities. And it should be considered that how such people can get benefit under this scheme when t hey need a loan. Prepare plan for it. Do: Test the change. Do a small scale study. After selecting those people, make a group of those people. First allow them to give a loan of a small amount (minimum Rs. 30,000) under the JLG scheme and then focus on repayment. Check: Review the test, analyze the results and recognize what you have learned. In the second step, we should pay attention to the analysis or activity done by us, so that the mistake that has happened can be rectified. Act: Take action based on what you learned in the study phase. Learn from past mistakes made by banks. Such mistakes should not happen in the next fresh JLG loan disbursement and its recovery. Each time this procedure (Plan-Do-Study-Act) should be implemented in the JLG implementation process until the stage of 100% recovery or no NPA is achieved from created group. Defiantly, it will also help to bank to reach the objective of implemtation of JLG in non-implemented area. It is necessary to conduct proper sensitization training programs for bankers as well as members separately before implementing JLG schemes in new areas or remaining areas.

67. Thank You…