Pharmaceutical automation

Pharmaceutical automation

1. Presented to: Dr. Gururaj S. Kulkarni Department of Pharmaceutics MALLIGE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Presented By: Manikant Prasad Shah Mpharm II Sem. Pharmaceutical Automation

2. Introduction- Automation mean self dictated . It is the use of control system such as computer to control industrial machinery and processes reducing the human intervention . Automation greatly reduces the need for human sensor and mental requirements as well as processes and system can also be automated. E.g. Telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboard and answering machine.

3. Advantages- Advantages of automatic control, over manual control, are as follow : Processes are controlled more precisely resulting in more uniform and high quality product. Processes are too fast to be controlled by manual operators can be easily controlled by automatic system. • Automatic control is beneficial in certain remote, hazardous or routine operations. No batch to batch variation, lead to greater demand for product and higher profits. Increase production capacity and flexibility. . Decrease labour cost.

4. GENERAL AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM- In heat exchange process- In this process, the in flowing liquid is to be heated to the required temperature. The temperature of exit flow is affected by the processes variable such as-temperature and flow rate of the flowing liquid, temperature, heat capacity of the fluids, and heat loss from the vessel and mixer speed. Type of system in heat exchange process- a) open loop system b) closed loop control system

5. Open loop system: Are those in which information about the controlled variable (like temperature ) is not used. Closed loop control system- Is one where control variable is measured and the result of this measurement is used to manipulate one of the processes variables, such as steam flow. a)Closed loop feed back system :In this system, information about the controlled variables is feed back as the basis for control of a process variable by a human operator (manual control) or by use of instruments (automatic control).

6. In manual control system, an operator periodically measures the temperature of liquid. If for example, the temperature is below the desired value, he increases the steam flow by opening the valve slightly. For automatically controlled system , a temperature sensitive device is used to produce a signal proportional to the measured temperature .this signal is feed to controller which compare it with a preset desired valve (set point ). If differences exist, the controller changes the opening of the steam control valve to correct the temperature

7. b)Closed loop feed forward control : In this process disturbances are measured and compensated without waiting for a change in the controlled variable to indicate that a disturbance has occurred. This type of control is useful when the final controlled variable can not be used.

8. AUTOMATIC CONTROLLER Industrial automatic process controller varies from simple on off device to special purpose computing instruments. Four general type of controller-: 1. self operated controller- a)on off controllers b) Proportional controller 2.electronic controller 3) Pneumatic controller 4) Miscellaneous controller: hydraulic, fluidic and special response controller

9. 1) self operated controllers- Some control systems obtain the power require to operate the error detector and final control element from the controller medium of the process by way of the sensing element . There are two type of self operated controller : On off controller – in this controller, the amount of control action applied at the process input is either zero or the maximum available. Proportional controllers- The action of a proportional controller is smooth and continuous over the operating range. For example in a steam-heated process vessel, if the temperature to be controlled increase above the set point, the controller output well increase a proportional amount. This output may reduce the amount of heat being added

10. 2) Electronic controllers Are extensively used for process control . The reason for their increase usage are- Solid state circuit Easier servicing Smaller particle size Can easily be linked with process control computer May be more accurately tuned.

11. 3) Pneumatic controller Its basic purpose is to supply compressed air to a pneumatic valve actuator in response to an error signal, based on the deviation of measured variable from the set point. Four levels can be identified: unit operation control unit process control plant control Departmental and corporate control level of a company.

12. Process control computer 1 . Analog computer 2 . Digital computer Analog computer- represents the numbers being manipulated by the magnitude of a physical quantity, such as volts or pressure. Mathematically operations are carried out in a continuous manner. Digital computers- are counting device that operates directly on numbers to perform the four fundamental mathematical operation addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

13. AUTOMATION IN TABLET MANUFACTURING Benefits of automation in tablet production. Improve material handling . Improve specific unit operation . Unit operations in tablet manufacturing. Particle size reduction Sieving Mixing . Drying . Compression. Coating .

14. REFERENCES -: 1- Lachman Leon and Schwartz .B. Joseph Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Tablets. Vol 3, edition 2. P.P 1-74. 2- Sambhamurti B.S., pharmaceutical engineering.