Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology.pptx

Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology

1. Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology

2. Definition The p ackaging can be defined as the economical means of providing presentation, protection, identification, information, containment, convenience compliance, integrity and stability for a product during storage, transportation, display and until it is consumed or throughout its shelf life. Pharmaceutical packaging is the science, ar t and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.

3. Ideal packaging requirements They must protect the preparation from environmental conditions. They must not be reactive with the product. They must not impa11 to the product tastes or odors. They must be nontoxic. They must be FDA approved. They must meet applicable tamper-resistance r equirernents . They must not be the cause of product degradation . They must be adaptable to commonly employed high speed packaging equipment.

4. F un ctions of packaging Product Id e ntification: Packaging greatly help s in dentification of products . Product Protection: Packaging pr otects t h e contents of a product from s poilage, breakage, l eakage, etc. Facilita t ing the u se of product: P ackaging should be convenience to open, handle a n d use fo r the consumers . Produ c t Promotion: P ackaging is also used for p r omotiona l a n d attrac t ing the attention of the peop l e whi l e purchas i ng. Marketing: The packaging and l abels can be used by ma r keters to encourage potentia l buyers to purchase the p r oduct. M

5. F un ctions of packaging C on ve ni e n ce : Packages can have featu r es that add convenience in d i stribution, ha n dling , stacking, display , sale , opening , re-closing , use , dis p ensing , r euse , r ecycling, and ease of disposa l. Barri e r pro te c t ion: A barrier from oxygen , water vapor , dust , etc. , is often required. Pe1meation is a critical factor in design. So1ne packages contain desiccants or oxygen absorbency to help extend shelf l ife. Ke e ping the contents clean, fresh, sterile and safe for the intended shelf life is a primary function . Se curi ty : Packag i ng can play an important ro l e in reducing the security risks of shipment. Packages can be made with i mproved tamper resistance to deter tampering and also can have tamper-evident features to he l p indicate tampe r ing. Packages can be engineered to he l p reduce the risks of package pilferage .

6. Se l ection of the Packaging Materials On the facilities available, for example, pressurized dispenser requires special filling equipment. On the ultimate use of product. The product may be used by skilled person in hospital or may need to be suitable for use in the bo1ne by a patient. On the physical form of the product. For example, solid, semi-solid, liquids or gaseous dosage form. On the route of administration. For example, oral, parenteral, external, etc. On the stability of the material. For example, moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, trace metals, temperature or pressure or fluctuation of these may have a deleterious effect on the product.

7. Se l ection of the Packaging Materials On the contents. The product may react with the package such as the release of alkali from the glass or th e corrosion of the m etals and in turn the product i s affected . On th e cost of the product . Exp ens i ve products usually justify expensive packaging

8. Ha z ards encountered by package Hazards encountered by the package can be divided into three main groups. a) Technical hazards b) Climatic or environmental hazards c) Biological hazards. The only exception is theft, which can be a serious risk with drugs and may demand special protection in certain cases.

9. Ha z ards encountered by package a) M e chanical ha z ards: 1. Sho c king or i mpact dama ge 2. Compression 3. Vibr a t i o n 4. E l ectr i c a l conducta n ce 5. Abras i on b ) Climatic or e n v ironm e nt a l ha z ard s : I. Moisture 2. T e m p e rature 3. Pre ss ur e Atm os ph e ri c g a ses s. Li g ht 6. Solid a irb or n e contam i nant s. c) Biolo g ical hazards. Microbiologica l hazards Chem i ca l hazards

10. Types of packaging Primar y packaging i s the material that first e n ve lop s the product and holds it. This usually is t h e sma lle s t uni t of distribution or use and is the pack age which is in direct con tact w ith the co nt en t s. Exam pl es: Ampoules, Vials , Co ntain ers, D os in g d ropper ,C l osures (p l astic, metal) , Syringe ,Str i p p ackage, Bli ster packaging.

11. Secondar y packaging is defined as the packaging that lies ou t side the primary packaging. I t is pe r haps used to group pr im ary packages together . Exa m p l e: P aper and boards, Cartons ,Co r rugated fibers ,Box manufacture)

12. Tertiar y packaging i s used for bulk hand l ing , warehouse s t o rage and transport ship p ing. T he most common form is a palletized un i t l oad tha t packs tight l y i nto conta i ners.

13. A part from primary and secondary packaging , two types of specia l packaging are currently in use , as follows: U n i t-dose packaging: This packaging gu a ra n tees safer medication by reducing medication error s ; it i s also more practi c a l for the patient. It may be very useful in improving compl i ance with treatment and m ay also be u seful for l e ss st a ble products. Devi c e packagi n g : P acka g i n g with t h e a i d of an administration device is use r -friendly and also improves compliance. This type of packag i ng perm i ts easier adm i nistr a tion by means of de v i ces such as pre - f i lled syringes, dropper s , transderrma l delivery systems, pumps and aerosol spray s . Such devic e s ensure that the medic i nal product is a d 1 ninistered corr e ctly and in the r i ght a 1 nount

14. T y pes of p a ckagi n g ma t e rials