pharmacological classification of drugs from KD Tripathi

KDT classification

1. Classification of Drugs

2. Drug Acting on Autonomic Nervous
system

CHOLINERGIC DRUGS
(Cholinomimetic, Parasympathomimetic)

Cholinergic agonists Anticholinesterases

Choline esters | | Alkaloids

Reversible Irreversible

Acetylcholine} Muscarine
Methacholine | Pilocarpine
Cärbachol Arecoline | | Carbamates | [Acridine | Carbamates | Organophosphates
Bethanechol | _ Physostigmine | Tacrine || Carbaryl* Dyflos (DFP)
(Eserine) 1) (Sevin) Echothiophate
Neostigmine Propoxur* Malathion*
Pyridostigmine (Baygon) Diazinon*
* Insecticides Edrophonium (TIK-20)
£ Nerve gases Rivastigmine Tabun £
for chemical Donepezil Sarin £ ;
warfare Galantamine Soman

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3. Anticholinergic Drugs

ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS
(Muscarinic antagonists, Atropinic drugs, Parasympatholytics)

Natural alkaloids | Semisynthetic derivatives Æ Synthetic compounds

Atropine Atropine methonitrate

Hyoscine Homatropine Mydiatric

(Scopolamine) Hyoscine butyl bromide driatics [Vasicoselectiv [Anti parkinsonian’
Ipratropium bromide Cyclopentolate | Oxybutynin Trihexyphenidyl
Tiotropium bromide Tropicamide Flavoxate (Benzhexol)

Tolterodine Procyclidine
Biperiden
Antisecretory-antispasmodics

Quaternary comps. Tertiary amines

Propantheline
Oxyphenonium

Clidinium

Pipenzolate methyl bromide
Isopropamide
Glycopyrrolate

Dicyclomine
Valethamate
Pirenzepine

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4. Ganglionic Stimulants and Block Agents

GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS GANGLIONIC BLOCKING AGENTS

Selective nicotinic
agonists

Nicotine (small dose)

Lobeline

Dimethyl phenyl piperazinium
(DMPP)

Tetramethyl ammonium (TMA)
Varenicline

Nonselective/muscarinic
agonists

Competitive§ Persistent depolarizing
blockers blockers

Acetylcholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine

Nicotine (large dose)
Anticholinesterases
(large dose)

Anticholinesterases

MCN 343-A
Quaternary Amines ] Monosulfonium
ammonium comps. Mec amy lamine comp.

Hexamethonium
Pentolinium camforsulfonate

—

Pempidine Trimethaphan- |

5. Adrenergic Drugs

ADRENERGIC DRUGS
(Sympathomimetics)

Noradrenaline Isoprenaline Amphetamine Ritodrine
(Norepinephrine) | [| Salbutamol Dexamphetamine Isoxsuprine

Ephedrine (Albuterol) Methamphetamine} | Salbutamol

Dopamine Terbutaline Methylphenidate Terbutaline

Phenylephrine Salmeterol

Methoxamine Formoterol

Mephentermine Bambuterol

Cardiac stimulants

Nasal decongestants

Adrenaline Xylometazoline Amphetamine

Isoprenaline Oxymetazoline Fenfluramine

Dobutamine Naphazoline Dexfenfluramine
Phenylephrine Sibutramine

Phenylpropanolamine
Pseudoephedrine

6. a ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS

Non equilibrium type Equilibrium type

(Competitive antagonists)

| Phenoxybenzamine

Prazosin Yohimbine
, Terazosin
Miscellaneous | Doxazosin
Ergotamine ¡Phentolamine | Chlorpromazine || Alfuzosin
Ergotoxine

Tamsulosin

Hydrogenated ergot alkaloids
Dihydroergotamine (DHE)
Dihydroergotoxine
(Codergocrine)

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7. fp ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS

Non selective (8, + Bz)

Cardioselective (ß,)

Metoprolol
Atenolol

Acebutolol
‘Without ISA* [ With ISA* With « blocking Bisoprolol
Propranolol Pindolol PIOBBENN) Esmolol
Sotalol Labetalol Betaxolol
Timolol "ISA: Intrinsic Carvedilol Celiprolol
sympathomimetic activity Nebivolol

GENERATIONWISE CLASSIFICATION
B ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS

First generation Second generation

Third generation

(Older, nonselective) (B, or Cardioselective) (With a blocking and/or
Propranolol Metoprolol vasodilator property)
Timolol Atenolol Labetalol
Sotalol Acebutolol Carvedilol
Pindolol Bisoprolol Celiprolol

Esmolol Nebivolol

Betaxolol

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8. TOPICAL DRUGS FOR GLAUCOMA

Pilocarpine
Timolol Dipivefrine | Latanoprost |Dorzolamide Physostigmine
Betaxolol Apraclonidine| |Travoprost Brinzolamide Echothiophate
Levobunolol Brimonidine | Bimatoprost .

Carteolol

Preparations

1. Timolol: Start with 0.25% eye drops BD, change to 0.5% drops in case of inadequate response. 0.5% OD as gel
forming solution. GLUCOMOL, OCUPRES, IOTIM, LOPRES 0.25% and 0.5% eye drops. TIMOLAST 0.5% gel

forming eye drops (long acting).

Timolol 0.5% + Latanoprost 0.005%: LAPROST PLUS, LATOCHEK-T eye drops.
. Betaxolol: 0.5% topically in eye BD; OPTIPRES, IOBET, OCUBETA 0.5% eye drops.
. Levobunolol: 0.5% topically in eye OD; BETAGAN 0.5% ophthalmic solution.
. Dipivefrine: 0.1% topically in eye BD; PROPINE 0.1% eye drops.
Apraclonidine: 0.5-1.0% topically in eye; ALFADROPS-DS 1% eye drops.
Brimonidine: 0.2% topically in eye TDS;
ALPHAGAN-P, BRIMODIN-P 0.15% eye dropyJOBRIM:82%weye drops.

»opum

9. Autacoid and Related Drugs

HISTAMINERGIC AGONISTS

Selective H, agonists

(R) «-Methylhistamine
Imetit

Selective H, agonists Selective H, agonists

2-Methyl histamine
2-Pyridyl ethylamine
2-Thizolyl ethylamine

Dimaprit
Impromidine

Histamine
Betahistine

H, ANTAGONISTS
(Conventional antihistaminics)

Diphenhydramine Pheniramine Chlorpheniramine

Dimenhydrinate Cyproheptadine Dexchlorpheniramine: exo =

Promethazine Meclozine Triprolidine oO enadine

Hydroxyzine Cinnarizine Clemastine Loratadine

= u Desloratadine

Cetirizine
Levocetirizine
Azelastine
Mizolastine

Ebastine

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10. 5-HYDROXY TRYPTAMINE (5-HT) ANTAGONISTS

Nonselective antagonists &

5-HT, Antagonists
partial agonists/antagonists

5-HT, Antagonists

Ketanserin Ondansetron
Ergotamine Ritanserin Granisetron
Lysergic acid diethyl Clozapine Tropisetron
amide (LSD) Risperidone Palonosetron
2-Bromo LSD Ramosetron
Methysergide

Cyproheptadine
Cinnarizine

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11. DRUGS FOR MIGRAINE

To treat attacks To prevent attacks

Propranolol

Triptans

ipl wagen Amiiptyine
Paracetamol Metoclopramide agonista (other Te As)
Aspirin Domperidone Sumatriptan Flunarizine
Metamizol Prochlorperazine Rizatriptan Valproic acid
Codeine Promethazine Naratriptan Gabapentin
Zolmitriptan Topiramate
Frovatriptan Cyproheptadine

Ergot alkaloids

Ibuprofen =

Naproxen Ergotamine
Diclofenac Dihydroergotamine
Mephenamic acid (DHE)

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12. PROSTAGLANDINS (PGs)

Prostaglandin analogues

Dinoprostone (PGE;) Carboprost (15-methyl PGF,,)
Gemeprost Misoprostol (methyl PGE, ester)
Dinoprost (PGF,,) Latanoprost (PGE, analogue)
Alprostadil (PGE;) Travoprost

Prostacyclin (PGI;)
(Epoprostenol)

Bimatoprost

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13. NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS/ANTIPYRETIC-ANALGESICS

Preferential COX-2) Selective COX-2

inhibitors inhibitors
Nimesulide Celecoxib
Diclofenac Etoricoxib
Aceclofenac Parecoxib
Meloxicam Analgesic-antipyretics with
Etodolac poor antiinflammatory action
Nonselective COX Para aminophenol| | Pyrazolone Benzoxazocine
inhibitors derivative derivatives derivative
Paracetamol Metamizol (Dipyrone)| | Nefopam

(Acetaminophen)| | Propiphenazone

Salicylates | | Propionic acid Fenamate Enolic acid Acetic acid Pyrazolone
derivatives derivatives | | derivatives derivatives
| Aspirin Ibuprofen Mephenamic | | Piroxicam | | Ketorolac Phenylbutazone
Naproxen acid Tenoxicam | Indomethacin | | Oxyphenbutazone
Ketoprofen Nabumetone
Flurbiprofen

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14. ANTIRHEUMATOID DRUGS

Adjuvant drugs

Prednisolone and other
glucocorticoides

Disease modifying anti-
rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs)

Chloroquine r «-inhibitors antagonist
Hydroxychloroquine Leflunomide] [HN ii
Etanercept Anakinra
Infliximab
DRUGS FOR GOUT Adalimumab

Acute gout

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Glucocorticoids

Chronic gout/Hyperuricaemia

15. Drugs for Respiratory Disorder

DRUGS FOR COUGH

Pharyngeal
demulcents

Expectorants
(Mucokinetics)

Adjuvant
antitussives

Bronchodilators

a à Salbutamol
a s.
Glycerine al Mucolytics Terbutaline
Liquorice Pot. citrate Bromhexine Antitussives

Pot. iodide Ambroxol (Cough centre

Guaiphenesin Acetyl cysteine suppressants)

Tolu balsam Carbocisteine

Vasaka

Ammon. chloride

Opioids Nonopioids Antihistaminics Pulmonary receptor
d iti
Codeine Noscapine Chlorpheniramine =— =
Ethylmorphine Dextromethorphan Diphenhydramine Prenoxdiazine
Pholcodine Chlophedianol Promethazine

16. Bronchodilators

DRUGS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Leukotriene
antagonists

Montelukast} Sod. cromoglycate
Zafirlukast Ketotifen

Mast cell stabilizers Corticosteroids Anti-IgE antibody

Omalizumab|

Beclomethasone

Hydrocortisone

Prednisolone dipropionate
Other glucocorticoids | | Budesonide
Fluticasone
= propionate
ve Flunisolide

[Ba Sympathomimetics [Methyixanthines

[ Anticholinergics Ciclesonide

Salbutamol Theophylline Ipratropium Br.
Terbutaline Aminophylline Tiotropium Br.
Bambuterol Choline

Salmeterol theophyllinate

Formoterol Hydroxyethyl

theophylline
Doxophylline

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17. Hormones and Related Drugs

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

From acidophil cells

Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin

From basophil cells

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

DRUGS ALTERING ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION

Inhibit prolactin Enhance prolactin
release release

Inhibit GH release

Inhibit gonadotropin (Gn)
release

Somatostatin = 2

Octreotide Bromocriptine Chlorpromazine

Lanreotide Cabergoline (other neuroleptics)
Apomorphine Metoclopramide

Reserpine

Superactive GnRH agonists

(Initially enhance Gn release)
Nafarelin Goserelin
Tripterellt Leuprolide

GnRH antagonists

Ganirelix
Cetrorelix

Pamed.com

18. Thyroxine (T¿)
Triiodothyronine (T3, Liothyronine)

THYROID INHIBITORS

Radioactive
iodine "I

(Antithyroid drugs) (onic inhibitors) lodine
Propylthiouracil Thiocyanates (-SCN)| | Iodides of Na, K
Methimazole Perchlorates (-ClO,) | | Organic iodide

Carbimazole Nitrates (-NO,)

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19. INSULINS

(Insulin analogues) | Regular (soluble) | Insulin zinc suspension (Insulin analogues)
Insulin lispro insulin (Lente insulin) Insulin glargine
Insulin aspart Neutral protamine hagedorn | | Insulin detemir
Insulin glulisine (NPH) or Isophane insulin

20. ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS

Enhance insulin
secretion

Overcome insulin
resistance

Miscellaneous
drugs

Biguanide Thiazolidinedione a-Glucosidase
(AMP, activator) (PPAR; activator) inhibitors
Metformin Pioglitazone Acarbose

Miglitol
Voglibose

Karp channel blockers Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Amylin

(DPP-4) inhibitors analogue
Sitagliptin Pramlintide
Vildagliptin

Sulfonylureas | | Meglitinide/ Saxagliptin en

Tolbutamide | |ERenvislaning | A iogliptin

Glibenclamide Repaglinide Linagliptin Bromocriptine

Glipizide Nateglinid

Gliclazide ateginide

Sod-glucose
cotransport-2
(SGLT-2) inhibitor

Dapagliflozin

Glimepiride

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21. CORTICOSTEROIDS

Mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids

Desoxycorticosterone
Intermediate acting acetate (DOCA)
Fludrocortisone
Hydrocortisonef Prednisolone Dexamethasone Aldosterone
(Cortisol) Methyl prednisolone | | Betamethasone

Triamcinolone
Deflazacort

TOPICAL STEROIDS
Moderately potent Mild

| Beclomethasone dipropionate (0.025%)

Betamethasone benzoate (0.025%)
Betamethasone valerate (0.12%)
Halcinonide (0.1%)
Clobetasol propionate (0.05%)
Fluocinolone acetonide (0.025%)
Fluocortolone (0.5%)
Triamcinolone acetonide (0.1%)

Dexamethasone sod. phos. (0.1%)

Fluocinolone acetonide (0.01%)
Fluocortolone (0.025%)
Clobetasol butyrate (0.05%)
Mometasone (0.1%)
Fluticasone propionate (0.05%)
Hydrocortisone acetate (2.5%)

Hydrocortisone
acetate (0.1-1.0%

Hydrocortisone

butyrate (0.001%)

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22. ANDROGENS AND RELATED DRUGS

Androgens

Anabolic steroids Antiandrogens

Methandienone

Cyproterone acetate

Nandrolone Flutamide
phenylpropionate Bicalutamide
Testosterone Methyl testosterone Nandiolone
Dihydrotestosterone| | Fluoxymesterone decancate
Androsterone Mesterolone 'Oxymetholone 5a-Reductase inhibitors
Stanozolol

Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction

Intracavernosal
vasodilators

Papaverine-phentolamine
Alprostadil (PGE,)

Phosphodiesterase-5
inhibitors
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

Androgens

Testosterone
(and others)

wawwcambodiam

23. ESTROGENS AND RELATED DRUGS

Estrogens Antiestrogen

Selective estrogen

Selective estrogen
receptor down regulator

receptor modulators

Aromatase
inhibitors

Clomiphene

Fulvestrant | Tamoxifen citrate Letrozole
citrate

Toremifene Anastrozole
Raloxifene Exemestane

Estradiol

Estrone

Estriol | [Steroidal | Nonsteroidal ]
Ethinylestradiol Diethylstilbestrol
Mestranol Hexestrol
Tibolone Dienestrol

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24. PROGESTINS

Progesterone derivatives

Medroxy progesterone acetate
Megestrol acetate
Dydrogesterone

Hydroxy progesterone caproate

19-Nortestosterone derivatives

Nomegestrol acetate Norethindrone Levonorgestrel
(Norethisterone) Desogestrel
Lynestrenol Norgestimate
(Ethinylestrenol) Gestodene

Allylestrenol

Antiprogestin Selective progesterone

Mifepristone

Ulipristal

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25. HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Injectable

+ Depot medroxy-

Combined pills Postcoital pills pr AA
+ Norgestrel (0.5 mg) + | * Levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel (1.5 mg) seers )
E . à + Norethindrone

Ethinylestradiol (50 ug) || (50 wg - 75 wg - 125 ug) Levonorgestrel (0.5 mg) enänkhäte

+ Levonorgestrel + + Sem
(0.1 -0.25 mg) + Ethinylestradiol Ethinylestradiol (100 ug) Ñ
Ethinylestradiol (30 ug = 40 ug - 30 ug) x 2 doses Progestin only pills
(20 - 50 ug) + Norethindrone (mini pills)

© Desogestrel (0.15 mg) + | | (0.5 mg - 0.75 mg -1.0 mg) ;
Ethinylestradiol + . a
(20-30 ug) Ethinylestradiol (35 ug) (0.35 mg)

: E + Norgestrel (75 ug)

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26. UTERINE STIMULANTS
(Oxytocics)

Ergometrine PGE, (Dinoprostone) Ethacridine

Oxytocin à (Ergonovine) PGF,,, (Dinoprost) Quinine
Desamino-oxytocin | | Methylergometrine 15-methyl PGE,,
(Carboprost)
Misoprostol +

(Mifepristone)

UTERINE RELAXANTS
(Tocolytics)

Ritodrine Nifedipine Atosiban | Magnesium sulfate

Salbutamol (Other dihydro- Progesterone
Terbutaline pyridines) Nitrates
Isoxsuprine Halothane

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27. Drugs Acting on Peripheral (somatic)
Nervous System

SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS

Centrally acting

Peripherally acting

Neuromuscular
blocking agents

Carisoprodol
Chlorzoxazone

Chlormezanone
Methocarbamol

Dantrolene sodium
Quinine

Nondepolarizing
(competitive)
blockers

Depolarizing
blockers

Succinyl choline
(suxamethonium)
Decamethonium

Diazepam, etc.

Long acting Intermediate acting [ Short acting Le aclofen =
Thiocolchicoside

d-Tubocurarine Vecuronium Mivacurium

Pancuronium Atracurium

Doxacurium Cisatracurium Central «, agonist

& 4 x ame

Pipecuronium Rocuronium Tizanidine
Rapacuronium

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28. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

Injectable anaesthetic Surface anaesthetic

High potency,
long duration

Tetracaine

Bupivacaine

Ropivacaine
Dibucaine

Low potency,
short duration

Procaine
Chloroprocaine

Intermediate potency
and duration

Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
Prilocaine

Insoluble

Benzocaine
Butylamino-
benzoate
Oxethazaine

Cocaine
Lidocaine
Tetracaine
Proparacaine

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29. Drugs Acting on Central Nervous
System

GENERAL ANAESTHETICS

Inhalational Intravenous

Fast acting drugs

Thiopentone sod.
Methohexitone sod.

Volatile liquids Slower acting drugs

Ether
Halothane

Nitrous oxide

Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane

Propofol
Etomidate

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam

Inducing drugs

Ketamine

30. PREANAESTHETIC MEDICATION DRUGS

Anticholinergic
drugs

pa Morphine - Chlorpromazine | | | Metoclopramide
[Diazepam Pethidine | | Atropine Triflupromazine | | | Domperidone

| Lorazepam Hyoscine Haloperidol Ondansetron
‚Promethazine

Glycopyrrolate

Gastric acid
suppressant drugs
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole

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31. SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS

Benzodiazepines Non-benzodiazepines § Other CNS

Zopiclone depressants

Eszopiclone Chloral hydrate

Zolpidem Triclophos
EYprobe ARE Zaleplon - Paraldehyde
Diazepam Diazepam Diazepam Glutethimide
Flurazepam | Chlordiazepoxide} | Lorazepam = Methaqualone
Nitrazepam | | Oxazepam Clonazepam = Meprobamate
Alprazolam Lorazepam Clobazam = Promethazine
Temazepam | Alprazolam DLCC PCM-AM ® Chlorpromazine
Triazolam » Amitriptyline

DOCLA Barbiturates = Morphine

DTT-FAN

Long acting Short acting

Butobarbitone
Pentobarbitone

Ultra-short acting

Thiopentone
Methohexitone

Phenobarbitone

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32. ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS

Barbiturate

Hydantoin Succinimide

Benzodiazepines

Phenobarbitone | | Phenytoin Ethosuximide Clonazepam Topiramate
Fosphenytoin Diazepam Zonisamide
Lorazepam Levetiracetam
Clobazam Vigabatrin

Tiagabine
Lacosamide

Iminostilbene

Aliphatic
carboxylic acid

Primidone Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine Valproate sod —
(Valproic acid) Lamotrigine Gabapentin
Divalproex Pregabalin

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33. Drugs affecting brain
dopaminergic system

ANTIPARKINSONIAN DRUGS

Drugs affecting brain
cholinergic system

Central

Dopamine Dopaminergic COMT

precursor agonists inhibitors

Levodopa Bromocriptine Entacapone
Ropinirole Tolcapone

Pramipexole

Biperiden

anticholinergics
Trihexyphenidyl
Procyclidine

Peripheral
decarboxylase
inhibitors
Carbidopa
Benserazide

MAO-B
inhibitors

Glutamate (NMDA receptor)
agonist (Dopamine facilitator)

Selegiline
Rasagiline

Amantadine

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Orphenadrine
Promethazine

Antihistaminics

34. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
(Neuroleptic drugs)

Flupenthixol
Clozapine

Aliphatic Repariione
side chain side chain nap
Chlorpromazine| | Thioridazine | | Trifluoperazine Pimozide pci
Triflupromazine Fluphenazine Loxapine Ziprasidone
Amisulpiride
Zotepine

Haloperidol
Trifluperidol
Penfluridol

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35. DRUGS FOR MANIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER

antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Risperidone

Quetiapine
Aripiprazole

Lithium
carbonate Sodium valproate

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine

HALLUCINOGENS
(Psychotomimetics, Psychedelics, Psychodysleptics)

Phenylalkylamines

Lysergic acid Mescaline | Tetrahydro-
diethylamide (LSD) Ecstasy Phencyclidine cannabinol (A THC)
Lysergic acid amide (Methyline dioxy-

Psilocybin
Harmine
Dimethyl tryptamine

methamphetamine)
YABA
(Methamphetamine

+ methylhexanamine)

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36. ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Moclobemide Fluoxetine Trazodone

Clorgyline Fluvoxamine Mianserin
e Paroxetine Mirtazapine
Sertraline Bupropion
Citalopram Tianeptine
Escitalopram Amineptine
Atomoxetine

Dapoxetine

Venlafaxine
Duloxetine

Imipramine Desipramine

Amitriptyline Nortriptyline
Trimipramine Amoxapine
Doxepin Reboxetine
Dothiepin

Clomipramine

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37. ANTIANXIETY DRUGS

Diazepam Buspirone

Oxazepam Gepirone Hydroxyzine Propranolol
Lorazepam Ispapirone

Chlordiazepoxide

Alprazolam

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38. OPIOID ANALGESICS AND ANTAGONISTS

Opioid u receptor agonists Complex action opioids Pure opioid

antagonists

Natural opium Semisynthetic Synthetic Agonist-antagonists Naloxone
alkaloids opioids opioids x analgesics) Naltrexone
Morphine Diacetylmorphine} | Pethidine | | Nalorphine Nalmefene
Codeine (Heroin) (Meperidine) Pentazocine al
Pholcodine Methadone Butorphanol
Ethylmorphine Fentanyl
propoxyphene k antagonist

Tramadol e |
Buprenorphine |

39. CNS STIMULANTS

Strychnine
Picrotoxin
Bicuculline

Pentylenetetrazole

Amphetamines Armodafinil
Methyl phenidate Pemoline

Atomoxetine Cocaine
Modafinil Caffeine

COGNITION ENHANCERS
(Cerebroactive drugs)

Piracetat

Rivashomi Citicoline
bode aa Pyritinol Piribedil
Donepezil E B A
2 (Pyrithioxine) Ginkgo biloba
Galantamine : :
5 Dihydroergotoxine
Tacrine

(Codergocrine)

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40. Cardiovascular Drugs

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS (1)

Diuretics Renin-angiotensin

system inhibitors

Sympathetic
inhibitors

Thiazides

| High ceiling | | Pot. sparing

Hydrochlorothiazide | | Furosemide Spironolactone’
Chlorthalidone (others) Eplerenone Propranolol
Indapamide Amiloride Metoprolol Labetalol

Atenolol
(others)

Carvedilol

ACE inhibitors Angiotensin (AT,) Direct renin

Captopril receptor blockers inhibitor Central
Enalapril Losartan Aliskiren sympatholytics
Lisinopril Candesartan Prazosin Clonidine
Perindopril Valsartan Terazosin Methyldopa
Ramipril Telmisartan Doxazosin

Fosinopril Irbesartan Phentolamine

Quinapril Olmesartan Phenoxybenzamine Contd...
Trandolapril

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41. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS (2)

Calcium channel blockers Vasodilators

Arteriolar dilator

Benzothiazepine | | Dihydropyridines

Diltiazem Nifedipine Hydralazine
Verapamil Felodipine Minoxidil Nitroprusside
Amlodipine Diazoxide sod.
Nitrendipine
Lacidipine

Lercanidipine
Benidipine

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42. ANTIANGINAL DRUGS

Nitrates Calcium channel Pot. channel Other
blockers antianginal

Short acting
Glyceryl trinitrate
Isosorbide
dinitrate
(sublingual)

43. DRUGS FOR PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES

Vitamin E

drugs

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine

inhibitor

Cilostazol

Rheological
agent

Pentoxiphylline
(Oxpentifylline)

u-adrenergic
blockers

Calcium channel
blockers

Cyclandelate
Xanthinol Isoxsuprine Prazosin Nifedipine Prostacyclin
nicotinate Phenoxybenzamine Nitrendipine (PGL)

www.cambodiamed.com

44. DRUGS FOR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Inotropic drugs Diuretics Aldosterone

antagonists

Cardiac Sympatho- PDE 3 High ceiling Thiazide like Spironolactone
lycosides| | mimetics inhibitors
2 y 3 E - Furosemide Hydrochloro- Eplerenone
Digoxin Dobutamine | | Inamrinone eee | literie
Ouabain Dopamine ¡Milrinone Metolazone »-adrenergic
Xipamide blockers

Renin-angiotensin inhibitors

Angiotensin AT,
receptor blockers

Vasodilators Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Carvedilol

Enalapril | Eye

Ramipril Losartan trinitrate

(others) Candesartan Isosorbide-
' (others) dinitrate

PDE: Phosphodiesterase; ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme Hydralazine

www.cambodiamed.com

45. Class |

Membrane stabilizing agents

ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS

Class IV
Calcium channel
blockers

© © Verapamil
. len Little decrease in | | Marked decrease in sta
dv/dt of 0 phase dv/dt of 0 phase dv/dt of 0 phase Class Ill
Quinidine Lidocaine Propafenone ISA
Procainamide Mexiletine Flecainide

Disopyramide

Adenosine

Digoxin

PSVT: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

action potential

Class Il

Amiodarone

Antiadrenergic Dronedarone
agents Dofetilide
Ibutilide

Propranolol
Sotalol (class III

property as well)
Esmolol

46. Drugs Acting on Kidney

DIURETICS

High ceiling

(Inhibitors of Na'-K'-2C1”
cotransport)

Medium efficacy

(Inhibitors of Na°-CI
symport)

Weak/adjunctive
diuretics

Furosemide
(Frusemide)
Bumetanide

Benzothiadiazines
Hydrochlorothiazide

Thiazide-like
Chlorthalidone

Torasemide Hydroflumethiazide Metolazone Mannitol
Benzthiazide Xipamide Isosorbide
Indapamide Glycerol

ANTIDIURETICS Clopamide

Antidiuretic hormone Natriuretics| | Miscellaneous
and its analogues

Thiazides Carbamazepine

- : os
Vasopress Amiloride | | Chlorpropamide a
Desmopre: Indomethacin cuente! innibitor
Lypressin Spironolactone} | Amiloride
Terlipressin Eplerenone Triamterene

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47. Drugs Affecting Blood

HAEMATINICS

Vitamin B,,:

Cyanocobalamin Copper
ral iron al iron Hydroxocobalamin Pyridoxine
Ferrous sulfate Iron-dextran F DRE Riboflavin
Ferrous fumarate Iron-sorbitol- en.
F EEE, Folinic acid
'errous gluconate citric acid

(leucovorin,

Ferrous sucrose 3
citrovorum factor)

Ferric carboxy-
maltose

Ferrous succinate

Ferrous aminoate

Ferric ammonium
citrate

Ferric hydroxy
polymaltose

Carbonyl iron

Iron-cal. complex

www.cambodiamed.com

48. COAGULANTS

Miscellaneous

Fibrinogen (human)
Antihaemophilic factor

K,: Phytonadione
(Phylloquinone)

K;: Menadione Desmopressin
Acetomenaphthone Adrenochrome mono-
Menadione sod. semicarbazone
bisulfite Ethamsylate
Menadione sod. Rutin

diphosphate

www.cambodiamed.com

49. ANTICOAGULANTS

Parenteral anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants

Indirect thrombin Coumarin Direct factor | | Oral direct
inhibitors derivatives Xa inhibitor thrombin inhibitor

Heparin (unfract

ted) Bishydroxycoumarin | | Rivaroxaban Dabigatran-
Low molecular weight Lepirudin (dicumarol) etexilate
heparins Bivalirudin | | Warfarin sod. -
(Enoxaparin, Reviparin, Argatroban Acenocoumarol
Nadroparin, Dalteparin, (Nicoumalone)

Parnaparin, Ardeparin)
Fondaparinux
Danaparoid

E Sod. edetate
acetate = R
Sod. citrate

Heparin
Ethyl-biscoum- P
Sod. oxalate

50. Fibrinolytics
(Thrombolytics)

Streptokinase
Urokinase
Alteplase (rt-PA)
Reteplase

Tenecteplase
— |

Antifibrinolytics
(Antithrombolytics)
Epsilon amino-caproic acid

(EA CA)
Tranexamic acid

ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
(Antithrombotic drugs)

Thromboxane Platelet
synthesis cAMP
inhibitor enhancer
Aspirin Dipyridamole

P2Y,, receptor GP 11,/111,
blockers jonists
Ticlopidine Abciximab
Clopidogrel Eptifibatide

Prasugrel Tirofiban

51. HYPOLIPIDAEMIC DRUGS

Lipoprotein lipase
activators (PPAR

Sterol absorbtion
inhibitor

HMG-CoA reductase
inhibitors (Statins)

Lovastatin activators: Fibrates) Ezetimibe
Simvastatin Clofibrate
Pravastatin Gemfibrozil
Atorvastatin Bezafibrate
Rosuvastatin Fenofibrate

Pitavastatin

Bile acid sequestrants

Cholestyramine
Colestipol

Lipolysis and triglyceride
synthesis inhibitor

Nicotinic acid

www.cambodiamed.com

52. Gastrointestinal Drugs

DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER

Gastric acid neutralizers
(Antacids)

Gastric acid secretion inhibitors

Anti H. pylori
drugs
Amoxicillin

Proton pump | | Prostaglandin pl | Clarihromycin
Cimetidine inhibitors analogue Sucralfate Metorudazole
itidi : Colloidal bismuth | | Tinidazole
Ranitidine Omeprazole Misoprostol bcitrate (CBS Tetracycline
Famotidine Esomeprazole subeitrate (CBS) CBS

Roxatidine Pantoprazole
Lansoprazole
Rabeprazole
Dexrabeprazole | | Sod. bicarbonate Mag. hydroxide

Anticholinergics:

Sod. citrate Mag. trisilicate

Pirenzepine Alumin. hydroxide
Propantheline Magaldrate
Oxyphenonium Cal. carbonate

www.cambodiamed.com

53. ANTIEMETICS

Prokinetic drugs

Metoclopramide
Domperidone

Anticholinergics

Hyoscine
Dicyclomine

Chlorpromazine Aprepitant

Triflupromazine Cisapride, Fosaprepitant
Prochlorperazine Mosapride
(others) Itopride

H, antihistaminics

5-HT, antagonists

Promethazine Ondansetron

Diphenhydramine Granisetron Dexamethasone
Dimenhydrinate Palonosetron Benzodiazepines
Doxylamine Ramosetron Dronabinol
Meclozine (Meclizine) Nabilone

www.cambodiamed.com

54. LAXATIVES
(Purgatives, Cathartics)

Dietary fibre: bran
Psyllium (plantago)
Ispaghula

Methyl cellulose

Docusates (DOSS) Mag. sulfate
Liquid paraffin Mag. hydroxide
Sod. sulfate

Sod. phosphate

- pot. tartrate
ctulose

Phenolphthalein Prucalopride | Castor oil
Bisacodyl

Sod. picosulfate

Senna
Cascara sagrada

www.cambodiamed.com

55. DRUGS FOR DIARRHOEA

Antimicrobial Probiotics Drugs for inflammatory
drugs bowel disease

Lactobacillus sp.
Norfloxacin Bifidobacterium
Ciprofloxacin à gm
Rifaximin trep. faecalis
Cotrimoxazole Enterococcus sp.
Ampicillin Bacillus clausii compounds
Tetracycline Saccharomyces Sulfasalazine Prednisolone
Eryth romycin boulardii Mesalazine Hydrocortisone
Metronidazole Balsalazide (enema)
Olsalazine

Nonspecific _
antidiarrhoeal drugs Immunosuppressants

Azathioprine

Methotrexate
Absorbants/ Antimotility Cyclosporine
adsorbants drugs Infliximab

Ispaghula Rasecadotril Codeine
Methylcellulose Bismuth subsalicylate Diphenoxylate
Kaolin Anticholinergics Loperamide
Pectin Octreotide

www.cambodiamed.com

56. synthesis

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

i Aminoglycosides:
Carbapenems Erythromycin ® sch
Monobactams (other macrolides) er an bay
Vancomycin Clindamycin others) leal
Cycloserine Linezolid
Bacitracin Sulfonamides

Inhibit cell wall

ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

Inhibit protein
synthesis
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol

Cause misreading
of m-RNA > affect
permeability

Interfere with
DNA function

Rifampin

Sulfones
Trimethoprim
Eos Pyrimethamine

Ciprofloxacin Para amino-

Polymyxin (Other fluoro- salicylic acid
Colistin quinolones) Metronidazole
Bacitracin

Amphotericin B

www.cambodiamed.com

57. SULFONAMIDES

Sulfacetamide sod.
Sulfasalazine
Silver sulfadiazine
Mafenide

QUINOLONE ANTIMICROBIALS

Nonfluorinated
quinolone

Nalidixic acid

Fluoroquinolones

First generation

Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Pefloxacin

58. PENICILLINS

Natural penicillin Semisynthetic penicillins B-lactamase

inhibitors

Benzyl penicillin
(Penicillin G)

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Acid-resistant Penicillinase Extended spectrum
alternative to resistant penicillins
penicillin G penicillins
Phenoxymethyl Methicillin

penicillin Cloxacillin Amino- Ureido-

(Penicillin V) Dicloxacillin penicillins penicillins

Ampicillin Piperacillin
Bacampicillin Mezlocillin
Amoxicillin

Carboxy-
penicillin
Carbenicillin

www.cambodiamed.com

59. CEPHALOSPORINS

First generation Third generation Fourth generation

Oral Parenteral |Parenteral
Cephalexin | Cefazolin Cefixime Cefotaxime Cefepime
Cefadroxil ; Cefpodoxime Ceftriaxone Cefpirome
Second generation proxetil Ceftizoxime
Cefdinir Ceftazidime

Ceftibuten
Ceftamet pivoxil

Cefoperazone

Cefaclor Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime} |Cefoxitin
axetil
Cefprozil

www.cambodiamed.com

60. ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS

First line drugs Second line drugs

Prothionamide
Cycloserine
Terizidone
Paraamino-

61. ALTERNATIVE CLASSIFICATION
ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS

Isoniazid Streptomycin Ofloxacin

Rifampin Kanamycin Levofloxacin Ethionamide Thiacetazone
Pyrazinamide Amikacin Moxifloxacin Prothionamide Clarithromycin
Ethambutol Capreomycin Ciprofloxacin Cycloserine Clofazimine
Terizidone Linezolid
Para amino- 4
salicylic acid

ANTILEPROTIC DRUGS

Ofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Minocycline
Clarithromycin

Rifampin
Ethionamide

www.cambodiamed.com

62. Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiprotozoal and
Anthelmintic Drugs

ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

Antimetabolite

Allylamine Topical agents

Tolnaftate
Undecylenic acid
Benzoic acid
Ciclopirox olamine
Butenafine
Quiniodochlor
Sod. thiosulfate

Flucytosine Terbinafine

Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Hamycin

Griseofulvin | | Imidazoles

Fluconazole
Itraconazole

Echinocandins

Voriconazole

ofungin Topical [ Systemic Posaconazole
Micafungin —
Anidulafungin Clotrimazole Ketoconazole
Econazole
Miconazole
Oxiconazole

cambodiamed.com:

63. ANTIVIRAL DRUGS (Non-retroviral)

Anti-herpes
virus drugs

Idoxuridine
Trifluridine
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
Cidofovir
Foscarnet
Fomivirsen

Anti-influenza Anti-hepatitis virus/
virus drugs Nonselective antiviral
Amantadine drugs

Rimantadine
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

Fortea

Lamivudine Ribavirin
Adefovir dipivoxil Interferon q.
Tenofovir

www.cambodiamed.com

64. ANTIRETROVIRUS DRUGS

Nucleoside reverse

transcriptase
inhibitors (NRTIs)

Non-nucleoside
reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Protease
inhibitors (Pls)

Ritonavir

Zidovudine Nevirapine Atazanavir
Didanosine Efavirenz Indinavir
Stavudine Delavirdine Nelfinavir
Lamivudine Saquinavir
Abacavir . Amprenavir
Emtricitabine Lopinavir
Tenofovir

Entry inhibitor

Enfuvirtide

CCR-5 receptor inhibitor

Maraviroc

Integrase inhibitor

Raltegravir

www.cambodiamed.com

65. ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS

4-Aminoquinolines Biguanide Sulfonamide/ Amino-alcohols
Chloroquine Proguanil Sulfone Halofantrine
Amodiaquine (Chloroguanide) Sulfadoxine Lumefantrine
Piperaquine Sulfametho-
pyrazine
Dapsone
Quinoline-methanol Diaminopyrimidine Antibiotics Naphthoquinone
Mefloquine Pyrimethamine Doxycycline Atovaquone
Clindamycin
Cinchona alkaloid 8-Aminoquinolines | |Sesquiterpine-lactones| |Naphthyridine
Quinine Primaquine Artesunate Aftemisins Pyronaridine
Quinidine Tafenoquine Artemether
Arteether
Arterolane

www.cambodiamed.com

66. ANTIAMOEBIC DRUGS

Tissue amoebicides Luminal amoebicides

For intestinal + For extra- Antibiotics

extraintestinal intestinal u - =
amoebiasis amoebiasis only Diloxanide furoate Tetracycline
Nitazoxanide Paromomycin

Chloroquine
8-Hydroxyquinolines

Quiniodochlor
(lodochlorohydroxyquin)
Diiodohydroxyquin
(lodoquinol)

Alkaloid

Emetine
Dehydroemetine

Nitroimidazoles

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Secnidazole
Ornidazole
Satranidazole

www.cambodiamed.com

67. ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS

For Whipworm,
Trichinella
spiralis

For Hydatid
disease

Albendazole

Praziquantel
Niclosamide

Albendazole Albendazole

Albendazole Mebendazol
Mebendazole Mebendazole —
Pyrantel pamoate
Piperazine

Levamisole

Ivermectin
Albendazole

Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin
Albendazole

www.cambodiamed.com

68. Anticancer Drugs (Antineoplastic Drugs)

ANTICANCER DRUGS (1)

Cytotoxic drugs (1)

Antimetabolites

Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin

Purine
antagonists
6-Mercaptopurine
6-Thioguanine
Azathioprine
Fludarabine

Pyrimidine
antagonists
luorouracil
Capecitabine
Cytarabine

antagonists
Methotrexate
Pemetrexed

[Ethy lenimine
Thiotepa

[Nitrosoureas

Carmustine
Lomustine

Procarbazine
Mechlorethamine

Cyclophosphamide
fosphamide Alkylsulfonate Triazine
Chlorambucil
Melphalan Busulfan Dacarbazine
Temozolomide Contd.....

www.cambodiamed.com

69. ANTICANCER DRUGS (2)

Cytotoxic drugs (2)

Microtubule
damaging agents

Topoisomerase-
inhibitors

Topoisomerase-2
inhibitor

Actinomycin D Hydroxyurea
Etoposide Topotecan Doxorubicin L-Asparaginase
Irinotecan Daunorubicin Tretinoin
Epirubicin Arsenic trioxide

Mitoxantrone
Bleomycins
Mitomycin C

Vinca alkaloids

Vincristine Paclitaxel

“4 Estramustine
(oncovin) Docetaxel
Vinblastine :

Vinorelbine Contd.....

www.cambodiamed.com

70. ANTICANCER DRUGS (3)

Targeted drugs Hormonal drugs

Tyrosine protein EGF receptor Angiogenesis Proteasome Monoclonal
kinase inhibitors inhibitors inhibitors inhibitor antibody
Imatinib Gefitinib Sunitinib Bortezomib Rituximab
Nilotinib Erlotinib Bevacizumab

Cetuximab

Aromatase
inhibitors

5a-reductase
inhibitors

| Glucocorticoids Progestins

[_ SERMs

Prednisolone Tamoxifen Hydroxy-

(others) Toremifene Letrozole Finasteride rogelerins
Anastrozole Dutasteride acetate (others)
Exemestane

Antiandrogens

Flutamide
Bicalutamide

GnRH analogues

Nafarelin
Leuprorelin
Triptorelin

Ethinyl estradiol
Fosfestrol

Fulvestrant

www.cambodiamed.com

71. Miscellaneous Drugs

IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS

Antiproliferative
drugs

Glucocorticoids

Biological
agents

Prednisolone
| Cyclosporine || Sirolimus Azathioprine (others)
(Ciclosporin) Everolimus Methotrexate
Tacrolimus Cyclophosphamide
Chlorambucil

Mycophenolate mofetil

Polyclonal
antibodies

TNFa
inhibitors

Etanercept Anakinra Daclizumab Muromonab CD3 Antithymocyte
Infliximab Basiliximab antibody (ATG)
Adalimumab Rho(D) immune

globulin

www.cambodiamed.com

72. DRUGS FOR ACNE VULGARIS

Topical drugs Systemic drugs

Antimicrobials Retinoids Antibiotics Retinoid

Azelaic acid |

Benzoylperoxide | | Tretinoin Doxycycline Isotretinoin
Erythromycin (all trans- Minocycline (13-cis retinoic
Clindamycin retinoic acid) Erythromycin acid)
Nadifloxacin Adapalene

Tazarotene

cambodiamed.com

73. VACCINES

Killed (inactivated) vaccines Live attenuated vaccines

Typhoid - paratyphoid (TAB)
Vi Typhoid polysaccharide
Cholera

Whooping cough (Pertussis)

Bacillus
Calmette-
Guerin (BCG)

Typhoid Ty 21a

yelitis inactivated
Ik vaccine)
Rabies (Neural tissue)
Rabies (chick embryo cell;

Poliomyelitis oral
vaccine (OPV, Sabin)
Mumps (Live atte.)
Measles (Live atte.)

Meningococcal PCEV) (oral) Rubella (Live atte.)
Haemophilus influenzae Rabies (Human diploid Varicella (Live atte.)
type B cell; HDCV)
Plague Rabies (Vero cell; PVRV)
ee en

Hepatitis B
Hepatitis A

/adsorbed)
sorbed)

Diphtheı

ria (a

Combined vaccines

Double antige
Triple antigen

iphtheria toxoid + tetanus toxoid (DT-DA)
Diphtheria toxoid + tetanus toxoid + pertussis vaccine (DPT)

Pentavalent vaccine: DPT + Hepatitis B + H. influenzae type B vaccines
Measles + mumps + rubella vaccine (MMR)

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