PHARMACOLOGY I- Chloramphenicol.pptx

educative

1. PHARMACOLOGY I NRSG 131

2. Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol ( chloromycetin ), a broad spectrum antibacterial, is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. It is bacteriostatic agent for a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. However, its approved indications are limited because it is potentially seriously toxic to bone marrow ( aplasia leading to aplastic anaemia and possibly death).

3. Chloramphenicol Although chloramphenicol is usually bacteriostatic , it may be bactericidal in high doses with highly susceptible organisms. It penetrates bacteria cell membranes and reversibly prevent peptide bond formation, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Indications : meningitis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, brain abscesses and bacterial septicemia.

4. Chloramphenicol Pharmacokinetics : Chloramphenicol has good oral and parenteral bioavailability with highest concentration reported in the liver and kidneys. Concentration of up to to50% of serum levels have been noted in cerebrospinal fluid. It is metabolized in the liver to glucuronide (an inactive metabolite).

5. Chloramphenicol The ½ life of chloramphenicol in an adult is 1.5 to 3.5 hours. Peak serum levels are reached in 1 to 1.5 hours via the IV route o in 1 to 3 hours after an oral dose. Chloramphenicol is excreted mainly by the kidneys. Dose : Adult dose 12.5 mg/kg IV 6 hourly.

6. Choramphenicol Adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea , blood dyscrasias , optic neuritis, irreversible bone marrow depression that may result in aplastic anaemia .