PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS ROHIT PATIL PPT.pptx

Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology focused on the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs. It involves the study of how drugs are used in the treatment and prevention of diseases, considering the benefits and risks associated with their use.
Pharmacotherapeutics is concerned with the application of drugs for the purpose of disease treatment and prevention. It bridges the gap between pharmacology (the science of drugs) and therapeutics (the science of treatment). Scope:

The scope of pharmacotherapeutics includes understanding the drug's mechanism of action, its therapeutic effects, the appropriate drug regimen, and the monitoring of therapy outcomes. It also involves optimizing drug therapy to achieve the best possible clinical outcomes for patients.
Objectives:

The primary objectives of pharmacotherapeutics are to:
Maximize the therapeutic effect of drugs.
Minimize adverse effects and drug interactions.
Enhance patient adherence to prescribed therapies.
Improve the overall quality of life for patients.
Key Concepts:

Dose-Response Relationship: Understanding how different doses of a drug affect the body, and determining the optimal dose that provides the maximum benefit with minimal side effects.
Therapeutic Window: The range of drug concentrations in the blood that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity.
Individualization of Therapy: Tailoring drug treatment based on patient-specific factors such as age, weight, genetic makeup, and comorbid conditions.
Role of Pharmacotherapeutics:

Pharmacotherapeutics plays a crucial role in modern medicine by guiding healthcare providers in the selection of appropriate drug therapy for individual patients, considering both the therapeutic benefits and potential risks.
Rational Drug Use:

An essential aspect of pharmacotherapeutics is the rational use of medicines, which involves selecting drugs based on evidence-based guidelines, ensuring appropriate dosage, and monitoring for efficacy and safety.

1. INDUBAI BHADANE PRATISHTHAN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY BORKUND Pharmacotherapeutics S Y D PHARMACY Mr. Rohit S Patil [email protected]

2. Pharmacotherapeutics: Introduction, Scope, and Objectives . Introduction : Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of Pharmacology that focuses on the use of drugs and the clinical application of pharmacological knowledge to treat diseases. It aims to maximize the beneficial effects of drugs while minimizing adverse effects . Scope: Involves understanding drug action, therapeutic uses, dosage, side effects, interactions, and contraindications. Pharmacotherapeutics is applicable in various settings, including hospitals, clinics, and community pharmacies. It also covers personalized medicine, which tailors drug therapy to individual patients based on genetic and environmental factors.

3. Objectives: To provide safe, effective, and appropriate drug therapy to patients. To optimize therapeutic outcomes by understanding patient-specific factors To contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies and drug formulations .

4. 2. Rational Use of Medicines Definition: Rational use of medicines involves the correct, appropriate, and cost-effective use of drugs to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes. Importance: Minimizes the risk of drug resistance, adverse effects, and drug interactions. Reduces healthcare costs by preventing overuse, underuse, or misuse of medications . Principles: Use medications only when necessary and based on Evidence . Choose the Right Drug for the Right Patient at the Right Dose and for the Right Duration . Ensure patient compliance and education about their treatment.

5. 3. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Introduction: EBM is the integration of the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. It aims to improve healthcare outcomes by applying the most current and relevant information to clinical practice Key Components: Best Research Evidence: Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Clinical Expertise: The clinician's accumulated experience, education, and skills. Patient Values and Preferences: Understanding and respecting patients' unique concerns, expectations, and preferences.

6. Steps in EBM: Formulating a clear clinical question. Searching for the best available evidence. Critically appraising the evidence for validity and relevance. Applying the evidence to clinical practice. Evaluating the outcomes and refining the application.

7. 4. Essential Medicines List (EML) Definition The Essential Medicines List (EML) is a list of medicines deemed essential for meeting the healthcare needs of the population. These medicines are selected based on evidence of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Purpose: To guide the procurement, distribution, and prescription of medicines to ensure access to the most necessary and effective treatments . To promote the rational use of medicines, particularly in resource-limited settings WHO’s Role The World Health Organization (WHO) regularly updates the Model List of Essential Medicines, which serves as a guide for national and institutional EMLs. Importance:- • Development of treatment guidelines • Suggestion on national formulary • Drug procurement • Drug selection for specific disease, resistance

8. The first essential medicines list was published in 1977 first essential medicines list for children was published in 2007 List is revised every two years by WHO March 2007 list contains 340 active substances.

9. NATIONAL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES OF INDIA (NLEM) The essential medicines list needs to be country specific addressing the disease burden of the nation and the commonly used medicines at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare levels . Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India hence prepared and released the first National List of Essential Medicines of India in 1996 consisting of 279 medicines . SALIENT FEATURES OF NLEM:- First NLEM-1996(279 Medicines) NLEM 2003- 354 NLEM 2011-348(43 added &47 deleted) NLEM 2022-374

10. 5. Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) STGs are systematically developed protocols designed to assist practitioners and patients in making decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical conditions . Objectives: To ensure the standardization of treatment across different healthcare settings To promote the rational use of medicines and improve the quality of care To reduce variability in treatment approaches, thus minimizing errors and optimizing patient outcomes Components: Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Dosage schedules, potential side effects, and contraindications Guidance on when to refer patients to specialized care.

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