Pharmacovigilance

PHARMACOVIGILANCE:- THIS PPT CONTAIN THE ROLE OF PV IN DRUG MONITORING AND SAFETY............

1. WELCOME YOU ALL

2. PHARMACOVIGILANCE The Need of The Hour ! Way towards a safe medical practice …………. PRESENTED BY NILESH.S.JAWALKAR (M.PHARM IInd Semister ) SKB COLLEGE OF PHARMACY NEW KAMPTEE , NAGPUR 2012-2013

3. CONTENT INTRODUCTION AIM AND OBJECTIVE ADVERSE EFFECT IMPORTANCE PARTENERS IN PHARMACOVIGILANCE PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN DRUG REGULATION PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE THE RaPID CONCLUSION AND CONSIDARATION FOR FUTURE. REFERANCES

4. INTRODUCTION Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the pharmacological science relating to the detection , assessment ,understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long term and short term side effect of medicines. All medicines (pharmaceutical and vaccines) have side effect some are known many are still unknown even this medicine has been in clinical use. The important to monitor both known and unknown side effects of medicines in order to determine any new information in relation to their safety profile .

5. Pharmacovigilance looks at all available information to assess the safety profile of a drug Pharmacovigilance should also take the benefit of the drug in account Spontaneous reporting depends on the health professional – YOU.

6. ADR Suspicion 1 2 3 How Pharmacovigilance works 4 ADR Reporting ADR Analysis Sharing of Findings

7. Aim And Objectives of Pharmacovigilance Aim:- To identifying new information about hazards as associated with medicines Objective:- Improve patient care and safety Improve public health and safety Encourage safe, rational and appropriate use of drugs Promote understanding, education and clinical training in pharmacovigilance

8. Adverse drug reaction which is noxious ,unintended and which occurs A response at doses normally used in humans for Prophylaxis, Diagnosis or Therapy of disease , or for modification of physiological function…..( WHO 1972 ) Type A(Augmented) Type B(Bizarre) Pharmacologically predictable Yes No Dose dependent Yes No Frequency Common Rarer Incidence High Low Mortality Low High Treatment Adjust Dose Stop the Drug Adverse Drug Reactions Classifications

9. Adverse drug reaction(ADR) a)Serious adverse reaction. b) Unexpected adverse reaction . Data Analysis Response

10. Side effect Any unintended effect of a pharmaceutical product occurring at normal dosage which is related to the pharmacological properties of the drug. e.g. antihistamines producing sedation , anticholinergics producing dryness ..

11. 1 approved 5 enter trials 5,000 compounds evaluated Success Rate Verify effectiveness, monitor adverse reactions from long-term use Evaluate effectiveness, look for side effects Determine safety and dosage Assess safety and biological activity Purpose   Review process / Approval 1000 to 3000 patient volunteers 100 to 300 patient volunteers 20 to 80 healthy volunteers Laboratory and animal studies Test Population Additional Post marketing testing required by FDA 12 Total 2.5 3 2 1 3.5 Years Phase IV   FDA File NDA at FDA Phase III Phase II Phase I File IND at FDA Preclinical Testing   Clinical Trials Phases of Product Development It takes 12 years on average for an experimental drug to travel from lab to medicine chest. Only five in 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing make it to human testing. One of these five tested in people is approved.

12. Pharmacovigilance And India India is is a hub of Global Clinical trials & a destination for Drug Discovery & Development. However, whether patients in India receive safe drugs or not is still very muchin question Rapid induction of NCEs and high tech Pharma products in the market throw up the Challenges of monitoring Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) over large multiethnic population base...

13. Who Should Report Safety Data Physicians Pharmacists Pharmaceutical companies qualified persons – (Pharmacovigilance/Regulatory manager)‏ Investigational products (clinical trials)‏ Post-approval reporting – Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR), Periodic Safety Update Report (PSUR)‏ In many countries patients are encouraged (but not obligated) to report side effects

14. What to Report It is important to report serious unexpected ADRs. Most cases of unexpected ADRs are associated with medicines newly introduced on the market. All suspected adverse reactions. Every single problem related to the use of a drug. ADRs associated with radiology contrast media, vaccines, diagnostics, drugs used in traditional medicine, herbal remedies, cosmetics, medical devices and equipment.

15. Withdrawn Drugs From the Market

16. Four common drug banned in other countries but not in India

17. IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE Complete safety data (especially for unexpected and serious adverse events) can only be captured through pharmacovigilance It cannot be captured through clinical trials which are conducted in an “artificial environment.” In clinical trials patients are not taking any other medications do not have concomitant diseases are taking the drug short-term (during the duration of the trials only) and are not part of vulnerable groups (e.g., children, pregnant women, elderly, etc.)

18. PATNERS IN PHARMACOVIGILANCE The WHO Quality Assurance and Safety : Medicines team The Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) The National Pharmacovigilance Centers Hospitals And Academia Health Professionals Patients Other Partners

19. System of Safety Data Gathering Pharmaceutical Companies Patients National Regulatory Authority International Safety Databases Healthcare Professionals Cli nical Trials Pre-Approval Post-Approval

20. PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN DRUG REGULATION Clinical Trial Regulation i ) Collection of ADR ii)monitoring clinical data iii)reporting of clinical data Post Marketing safety Monitoring

21. THE RaPID The RaPID is a PV program it conduct public health program. It provide support to focal point. Focus on RaPID HIV, T.B, Malaria and other program. It is important to encourage and ensure reporting of ADR. It consist of various department for working various type of diseases

22. I964 :U. K. starts "Yellow Card" system ..

23. The Yellow Card Scheme is the main ADR reporting scheme in the UK and was introduced in 1964 after the thalidomide tragedy highlighted the urgent need for routine monitoring of medicines. It receives more than 20,000 reports of possible side effects each year.

24. What should be our contribution……

25. True challenge lies in…. In recognising at the earliest possible stage, the adverse effects that a drug may induce , so that the risk ( unfavourable results) never becomes disproportionate to benefit ( Favourable results)

26. At the level of Clinicians ….. My Doctor is a good doctor, He made me no iller than I was……. Willem Hussem (The Netherlands)1900 -1974 Translation: Peter Raven There are no really safe biologically active drugs . There are only safe physicians…. Harold A. kaminetzsky1963

27. 1.Active reporting of ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS as forms are available freely e.g. Nimusulide European Medicine Evaluation Agency Bans NIMESULIDE

28. Avoid Prescription errors Articles highlighting the rise in prescription errors

29. Illegible prescriptions? Who is to blame……

30. At the level of Pharmacists & Pharmacologists

31. To train Pharmacists in drug interactions, side effects ,drug dosages

32. 11. Students can start Pharmacy bulletins with help of Respected Principal sir & coordinators….. ( Australian Prescriber, USPDI)

33. Student involvement . Students can start Pharmacy bulletins with help of Respected Principal sir & coordinators….. ( Australian Prescriber, USPDI )

34. Aims of Drug Alerts…. The information resources should be designed to assist the health provider in their clinical choice of drugs, in an effort to reduce the incidence and severity of adverse effects & medication errors .

35. Student involved in making Drug alerts

36. Presenting Drug Alerts

37. Drug Alert Leaflets FDA pulls antiparkinsonism drug of Pergolide from market EMEA bans Nimesulide Petitions to remove Cox2 inhibitors Cisapride under strict scrutiny Phenylpropanolamine risk of Hemorragic stroke

38. Animation of Pharmacovigilance : Students have presented & posted on Google images

39. conclusion Think less about drug safety: more about patient safety Use and react to concerns Think less about regulating (incl. withdrawal) and automating data input: more about useful information output Think more about impact and consequences of decisions and non-decisions It is expected that 50 – 75 % of medical errors are preventable .