PHARMACY LAY OUT DESIGN.junaid iq.pptx

pharmacy layout design

1. PHARMACY LAY OUT DESIGN

2. The location of a pharmacy, its management and sufficient capital are major factors contributing to a pharmacy’s success. Another major factor in determining the success of a pharmacy is its general appearance, including the layout design of the pharmacy and the arrangement of the individual department Before a pharmacist undertakes to design a layout or modernize a pharmacy, be should consider the objectives of the layout design, the type of pharmacy , the classes of consumer goods and purchases, and the principles of layout design

3. • Objectives of Layout Design The major objectives in the design of the exterior of a pharmacy is to attract more patrons into the pharmacy. The overall objective of interior layout design is to increase the amount of the total purchases of each person who enters the pharmacy. In addition to the above general objectives, there are six specific objectives 1. to enhance the general appearance of the pharmacy and to project a professional image 2. to control payroll expenses through convenience and efficiency of the layout; 3. to improve patrons satisfaction and convenience ;

4. 4 . to maximize the utilization of space; 5. to disperse and control the traffic pattern within the pharmacy; and 6. to provide surveillance and reduce pilferage. • One other important factor to consider is the philosophy of the pharmacist owner . Many pharmacists prefer to practice in a specific type of setting. Thus, the design required by a service-oriented pharmacist would differ from that needed by the pharmacist interested in using mass merchandising techniques

5. Types of community pharmacies 1) PHARMACEUTICAL CENTER The pharmaceutical centre , designed and developed by McKesson & Robbins and the American Pharmaceutical Association, is similar to the P erscription-oreinted pharmacy, but it must conform to certain standards. The layout design of this centre is not so as critical as with the other types because no merchandise of any kind is displayed. The inventory is confined to legend and non-legend medication and few convenience goods. The doctor , the atmosphere, and the uncluttered floor space are the hallmarks of the pharmaceutical centre . The pharmaceutical centre usually has a separate room for fitting orthopaedic and surgical appliances

6. 2) PRESCRIPTION-ORIENTED PHARMACIES This type of pharmacy usually occupies up to 1500 square feet and is so designed that the patrons will have a comfortable waiting area under the prescription department. Health-related items, including drugs, home health care appliances and supplies, and prescription accessories, are displayed near this vicinity. The pharmacy may have a separate room for fitting trusses and other orthopaedic and surgical appliances. Cosmetics, gifts, and a limited member of other items are displayed in the other areas of the pharmacy .

7. 3) TRADITIONAL PHARMACIES The traditional or conventional pharmacy usually occupies between 1500 and 6000 square feet. The major objective of the layout design for this type of pharmacy is to disperse the customers and expose them to all areas in the pharmacy . Those pharmacies also should have a pleasing appearance, project a professional atmosphere, be convenient for both customers and employees , and provide the opportunity for maximum sides at minimum expense . Of course, surveillance for shoplifters must be included as one objective in the design and layout process. Although traditional pharmacies vary in design, it is generally agreed that the best traffic flow can be achieved with 2.5:1 length-to-width ratio

8. 4) THE SUPER DRUGSTORE The super drugstore occupies more than 5000 square feet, generally 10000 square feet or more, with the design approximating a square. The basic objective in a super drugstore is traffic control rather than traffic dispersal, which is achieved by the merchandising techniques used. Many lines of goods are sold in this type of drugstore, and the layout design is usually for the self-service type to facilitate traffic control and to provide maximum sales at minimum cost .

9. CONSUMER GOODS AND PURCHASES: • Classification of Consumer Goods Definitions of the classes of consumer goods are included to provide as understanding of the relationship between consumer’s activity in the purchase of various goods and good layout designs principles. In addition to the classification of consumer goods, the manner in which consumers purchase them is very important to the success of a layout design .

10. • Convenience Goods : Convenience goods normally have a low unit value and are purchased frequently , with little effort on the part of the consumer. Convenience goods make up the large majority of the stock of grocery stores, variety stores and pharmacies . 1) Shopping Goods : Goods in this class normally have a high unit value, are purchased infrequently and required considerable effort on the part of the consumer. For such purchases the consumer will compare prices, quality, special features and required services among other features. Shopping goods are found mostly in department, furniture, clothing and similar stores

11. 2) Specialty Goods : • Specialty goods normally have a high unit value, possess unique qualities or features and are purchased infrequently; consumers exert a great deal of effort to purchase them. Rare antiques and exclusive brands of clothing are examples of specialty goods. • It should be noted that pharmacies stock predominantly convenience goods; however , most pharmacies stock some shopping and specialty goods. The prescription is a special case; it include attributes of all three classifications, for example, some patients shop for expensive or maintenance drugs, while other patients patronize only one pharmacist even at considerable expense and effort because of the personal and special services provided

12. Classification of Purchases: 1 ) Demand Purchases: • When consumer enters a pharmacy, or any other place where goods or services are sold, with deliberate intent of purchasing a particular item and/or service, the purchase is considered to be a demand purchase. A prescription is a classic example . 2) Impulse Purchases: • Impulse purchases are purchases made after a consumer has entered the pharmacy to purchase one or more other items, or are purchases made when the customer has entered the pharmacy for no particular purpose. This type of purchase frequently is suggested by an attractive display or price. • Cosmetics, toiletries and sundries often are purchased on impulse .

13. The percentage of pharmacy sales bought on impulse is not known. It can be assumed that all prescription and most non-prescription drugs, prescription accessories , surgical and orthopedic appliances and supplies and other home health care aids are purchased on demand. A significant percentage of other types of products is bought on impulse. It should be noted that classes of goods and purchases are not always mutually exclusive, but may be integrated in varying degree in the mind of the purchaser

14. CLASSES OF LAYOUT DESIGNS • Historic Types of Service Oriented Layout Design: Historically, there are three basic types of layout : (1) Clerk or Personal service ( 2) Self-Selection ( 3) Self Service Each is designed to achieve the objectives of the three basic types of pharmacies, Professional, Traditional and Super Drug Store , respectively. 1) CLERK SERVICE: The clerk service layout is the old traditional design used in most pharmacies before the trend toward self-service and mass merchandising. It contains primarily of complete clerk service with only a small part of the merchandise exposed for patrons to handle .

15. • The modern example of this layout design is the pharmaceutical center in which no merchandise is on display. Traditionally, pharmacists have used the clerk service design because it facilitates maximum interchange between pharmacy personnel and patrons, one of the major reasons many independent pharmacies have survived. Convenience and friendly service are still important factors in the patronage of a specific pharmacy. • However, the quality of clerk service has not been maintained in many instances . In addition, prices of pharmaceutical products have risen and the importance of price in relation to service has also increased. Therefore, this combination of factors has caused many managers to reduce services and seek an alternate type of layout design as a solution.

16. 2) SELF-SELECTION: In an attempt to provide adequate personal service in a more efficient manner , and thus be more competitive with the larger super drug stores, many independent pharmacists now use the self-selection layout design. This type of layout design dictates that clerk service be maintained at all service –oriented departments, such as cosmetics, photo supplies, prescription and selected non-prescription drugs, surgical and orthopaedic appliances and supplies and veterinary departments. Much of the other merchandise however is displayed in a manner that the patrons may see, handle and select themselves. This layout is most frequently found in modern conventional pharmacies

17. • SELF-SERVICE : The term self-service is restricted for those layouts that utilize minimum of clerk service and expose the maximum amount of merchandise for patrons to handle. It is not possible to have 100 % self-service in a pharmacy because of the prescription department. Central check-out of all purchases is the one criterion most commonly used to identify a truly self-service layout , although some “experts” dispute the appropriateness of this basis of distinction alone. This type of layout is most often used in the super drugstores .