phD presentation on design a RAC_ppt.pptx

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1. Measurement of MIMO Patch Antenna with filtration for multi user application. presentation for research advisory committee ( Rac ) Made by: Merlyn Sylvester Guide: Dr. alok kumar Rastogi Professor, dept. of Physics & electronics Iehe , Bhopal Co-Guide: Dr. sunil mishra Professor, dept. of Physics & electronics Iehe , bhopal 1

2. What is Antenna? According to NASA , a n antenna is a metallic structure that captures and/or transmits radio EM waves. At Transmission end , the antenna radiates the energy as EM waves. At reception end, an antenna intercepts some of the power of a EM wave to produce an electric current as output. 2

3. Direction of Radiation Antennas can be designed to transmit and receive radio waves in all horizontal directions equally(omnidirectional antenna), or preferentially in a particular direction (Directional or high-gain, or “beam” antennas). 3

4. Types of Antenna Yagi Antenna Horn Antenna Parabolic Antenna 4

5. Types of Antenna Patch Antenna Microstrip Array Patch Antenna 5

6. Microstrip patch antenna Microstrip is a type of electrical transmission line which can be fabricated using printed circuit board technology, and is used to convey microwave-frequency signals. It consists of a conducting strip separated from a ground plane by a dielectric layer known as the substrate. Microwave components such as antennas, couplers, filters, power dividers etc. can be formed from microstrip, with the entire device existing as the pattern of metallization on the substrate. A microstrip patch antenna is fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. Common microstrip antenna shapes are square, rectangular, circular and elliptical, but any continuous shape is possible . 6

7. Antenna Parameter Radiation Pattern- Plot of the relative field strength of the radio waves emitted by the antenna at different angles. Antenna Directivity- The ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. Antenna Gain- Parameter which measures the degree of directivity of the antenna's radiation pattern. Antenna Polarization- It is the orientation of the electric field of the radio wave with respect to the Earth's surface and is determined by the physical structure of the antenna and by its orientation. Input Impedance- Electro-magnetic wave travels through the different parts of the antenna, at each interface some fraction of the wave's energy will reflect back to the source. 7

8. RF Frequency Range Microwave Frequency Band 8

9. What is MIMO antenna? MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the transmitter and the receiver. Creating multiple versions of the same signal provides more opportunities for the data to reach the receiving antenna without being affected by fading, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio and error rate. 9

10. Single v/s Multiuser MIMO 10

11. Single v/s Multiuser MIMO In SU-MIMO systems, data streams can only interact with one device on the network at a time. Issues arise with SU-MIMO when many users attempt to use the network simultaneously. If one person is uploading video and another is conferencing, the data stream will choke, causing latency, or delays, to skyrocket. MU-MIMO has the advantage of being able to stream multiple data sets to multiple devices at a time. 11

12. MIMO Patch Antenna Multiple input multiple output antenna is the key technology which enables the design of 5G networks. In order to achieve desired beam forming and side lobe reduction capabilities, antennas used in MIMO technology are required to feed with signals having different phase and amplitude. The research of MIMO multiantenna design mainly includes the form of antenna element, the layout of multiple antennas, and the mutual coupling analysis. At present, the research of MIMO multiantenna is focused on the exploration of low cost and high performance designs of antenna and layout 12

13. Design Technique The first part of the MIMO antenna design is the radiation elements. The design uses microstrip patch antenna as radiation elements. There are two main steps in the rectangular microstrip antennas design is theoretical analysis, and simulation and optimization. Firstly, we choose dielectric substrate. For microstrip circuit, the loss of the microstrip is very large in the millimeter-wave band. The loss can be divided into dielectric loss, conductor loss, and radiation loss. Substrates with low loss tangent dielectric are usually chosen to reduce the dielectric loss. When the dielectric constant is low, the total loss of the microstrip would not change with the characteristic impedance. A smaller height is more effective in suppressing the higher mode and reducing the radiation loss. Additionally, the thinner substrate with good flexibility is good for antenna. 13

14. Filtration Four general filter functions are desirable: Band-Pass Filter: select only a desired band of frequencies Band-Stop Filter: eliminate an undesired band of frequencies Low- Pass Filter: allows only frequencies below a Cut-Off Frequency to pass High-Pass Filter: a llows only frequencies above a Cut-Off Frequency to pass 14

15. Types of Filter Lumped-element LC filters Planar filters Coaxial filters Cavity filters Dielectric filters Energy tunnelling-based filters 15

16. Advantages of MIMO Patch Antenna MIMO enables stronger signals. It bounces and reflects signals so a user device doesn't need to be in a clear line of sight. Video and other large-scale content can travel over a network in large quantities. This content travels more quickly because MIMO supports greater throughput. Many data streams improve visual and auditory quality. They also decrease the chance of lost data packets. 16

17. Future Scope High network capacities.  Data travels to more users through the deployment of 5G . MU-MIMO and 5G enable more users to access data at the same frequency and time rates. More coverage.  Users can soon expect high-speed data wherever they are, even at the edge of service areas. Using 3D beamforming, the coverage adapts to the user's movement and location. Better user experience.  Watching videos and uploading content is easier and faster.  17

18. Thank You 18