Phenomenology: concept, types, characteristics, purpose

presentation about phenomology, its types, features, characteristics, steps of phenomenological research

1. M ade by Satwant kaur Phenomenology

2. What is phenomenology A philosophy A methodology

3. Meaning of phenomenology Phenomenology is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness. Phenomenology is derived from the Greek words phainaÓmenon logos that which appears study M E A N S M E A N S

4. Meaning of phenomenology It is the study of phenomena. Phenomenology studies the structure of various types of experiences from the perception, thoughts, including linguistic activity. It studies many types of experiences from Thought Memory Imagination Emotion Desire

5. Definition According to Sokolowski (2002): phenomenology is the study of human experience and of the ways things present themselves to us in and through such experience. According to Smith (2008): phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.

6. Edmund Husserl Father of phenomenology. He was a German philosopher and mathematician. Husserl was born in 1859 in prostejov . Husserl studied mathematics, physics, and astronomy. He was a professor philosophy.

7. Edmund Husserl According to Husserl phenomenology is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and the study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. According to Husserl, “with the phenomenological school, emphasized the study of meanings and ideal objects, of the psychological conscience of the world and of science.”

8. Etymology Three meaning of phenomenology For G.W.F.Hegel : phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that begins with an exploration of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience ) as a means to finally grasp the absolute, logical, ontological and metaphysical spirit that is behind phenomena. This has been called dialectical phenomenology.

9. Etymology For Edmund Husserl : Phenomenology is the reflective study of the essence of consciousness as experienced from the first person point of view. Phenomenology takes the intuitive experience of phenomena as its starting point and tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience. When generalized to the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience . When generalized to the essential features of any possible experience, this has been called transcendental phenomenology.

10. Elements of Phenomenology

11. Types of phenomenology

12. Types of phenomenology Transcendental constitute phenomenology : it studies how objects are constituted in studies how objects are constituted in transcendental consciousness setting aside questions of any relation to the natural world. Naturalistic phenomenology: it studies how consciousness constitutes things in the world of nature, assuming things in the world of nature, assuming with the natural attitude that assuming with the natural attitude that consciousness is part of nature.

13. Types of phenomenology 3. Existential phenomenology studies concrete human existence, including our experience of free choice and/or action in concrete situations. 4. Generative historic phenomenology studies how meaning-as found in our experience-is generated in historical process of collective experience over time.

14. Types of phenomenology 5. Genetic phenomenology studies the emergence /genesis of meanings of things within one’s own stream of experience. 6. Hermeneutical phenomenology studies interpretive structures of experience. 7. Realistic phenomenology studies interpretive structure of consciousness and intentionality as it occurs in a real world that is largely external to consciousness and not somehow brought into being by consciousness and not somehow brought into being by consciousness.

15. Features of phenomenology Phenomenology help in raising an understanding of the relationship between states of individual consciousness and social life Phenomenology attempts to uncover how human awareness is implicated in the production of a social action, social situation and social world.

16. Characteristics of phenomenology Use of subjective data to describe an objective truth. Researcher’s own experiences integrated into the study Focus on finding the common thread in phenomenon. It is a holistic, qualitative and idiographic approach. Focus on individual experience of the world. Focus on interpretation of events, not the events themselves. Phenomenology opposes naturalism, i.e. Objectivism and positivism. Phenomenology tends to withstand the acceptance of those circumstances which are un observable and is a grand system erected in speculative thinking.

17. Purpose of phenomenological research To illuminate the specific, to identify phenomena through how they are perceived by the actors in a situations. Pure phenomenological research seeks essentially to describe rather than explain and to start from perspective free from hypothesis or preconceptions.

18. characteristics of phenomenological reasearch Rich and detailed descriptions of the phenomenon being investigated. The description should present ‘how’ the participants experienced the phenomenon. The researcher have to keep an open mind and listen in receptive manner. The researcher have to set aside the preconceived knowledge or everyday beliefs. Imaginative variation is the important part of the phenomenological research.

19. Steps of phenomenological research. Selection of research question Selection of participants Collection of data ( eg . Interview) Organising, analysing and synthesising data Listing and preliminary grouping Reduction and elimination

20. Elements of phenomenological research Identification of a shared experience. 2. Phenomenological research attempts to locate the universal nature of an experience. 3. Attempts to identify shared experience among various individuals experiencing the same phenomena 4. Attempts to locate the essence of the experience. 5. The account of their experience include What was experienced? How they experienced it?

21. Phenomenological Methodology Identify phenomena. Bracket and interpret researcher bias and expectation. Data collection. Reduction (identification of salient or seminal points of interpretation/description). Description of themes. Textural description: what participants experienced. Structural description: how participants experienced. Essence of the experience: combination of both textural and structural descriptions.

22. phenomenological research sampling Small samples (probably no more than 10 participants ) are most suitable for this type of research . Data collection methods Interviews/speech Diaries/written Drawings/non-verbal Observation.

23. Phenomenological research Data analysis: Procedure Epokhhe Identifying common meanings and essences. Horizontalization of data Textual and structural analysis. Textual analysis refers to the description of what is expressed by the participants. structural analysis refers to the interpretation of how it is expressed by the participants.

24. Refrences : http://www.link.springer.com http://www.britannica.com http://www.wileyvws.com http://worldwidescience.org http://ijariie.com http://www.en.m.wikipedia.org http://www.iep.utm.edu http://www.plato.stanford.edu