Philippines_19th_Century_Cultural_Development.pptx

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1. Cultural Development in the Philippines: 19th Century Life, Arts, Nationalism, and Identity

2. Culture & Arts Evolve Rise of illustrated magazines (Ilustración Filipina, 1859) Painters like Juan Luna and Félix Hidalgo gain fame Local traditions (songs, dances, pasyon) blend with European forms

3. Education & Identity 1863 Education Decree → public schools Philippines: among the most literate in Asia by 19th century Birth of the Ilustrados (educated elite)

4. Seeds of Nationalism Influence of liberal ideas via Suez Canal (1869) Execution of Gomburza priests (1872) Filipino demand for reforms grows

5. The Propaganda Movement Ilustrados abroad: Rizal, Del Pilar, Lopez Jaena, Ponce Goals: equal rights, representation, end to friar abuses Newspaper: La Solidaridad

6. Rizal’s Contributions Noli Me Tángere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) Founded La Liga Filipina (1892) for peaceful reforms Execution in 1896 made him a national symbol

7. Effects on Ordinary Filipinos Wider literacy and education access Cultural pride in traditions and attire Farmers/workers suffered from forced labor and taxes Many joined Katipunan in 1892

8. From Reform to Revolution Failure of peaceful reforms → Katipunan (1892) Rizal’s martyrdom inspired unity 19th century laid foundations for Filipino nationhood

9. Conclusion Culture, arts, and education shaped national identity Rizal’s works awakened Filipino pride Ordinary Filipinos became active in nationalism