Philosophical Foundations of education PPT

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1. 1 S UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION “Initium Sarpientiae Timor Domini” Presenter: Rhence A. Tejero , LPT Philosophical Foundations of Education: (Pragmatism, Reconstructionism , Existentialism, Progressivism)

2. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM The term ‘Pragmatism’ derives its origin from a Greek word ‘Pragma’ meaning ‘Activity’ or ‘Practice’ or ‘Action’. As action gets priority over thought, Pragmatism is also known as ‘Expenditure’ which believes in ‘practicability’ or ‘utility’ depending upon the truth, reality, goodness or badness which are all relative terms and are not predetermined or absolute.

3. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM Pragmatism is an educational philosophy that says education should be teaching students the things that are practical for life and encourages them to grow into better people. C.B. Pierce , Archie J. Balm , John Dewey , William James , Will Durrant and Shiller

4. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM Education deals with human life, so it must help the children to fulfill their biological and social needs. Education should enable a child to create values in his life. Pragmatism and the Aims of Education

5. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM To create new values To enable pupils to gather experience through activity To help the pupils to adjust with him and the society To help the pupil to reconstruct his experience To make all round development of the pupil The aims of education as formulated by the Pragmatists are the following:

6. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM According to pragmatism, the theory and practice of education is based on two main principles, namely: Education should have a social function and Education should provide real life experience to the child. Contribution of Pragmatism to Education

7. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM In the field of curriculum development, the following principles have been prescribed by the pragmatists . Principle of Utility Principle of Interest Principle of Experience Principle of Integration Pragmatism and Curriculum

8. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM Experience Learning Problem-Solving Approach Democracy and Education Interdisciplinary Learning Flexibility and Adaptability Key Concepts in Pragmatism Philosophy of Education

9. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM Learning by doing and the project methods have an important place in the methods of teaching proposed by the pragmatists. All learning must come as a product of action. Learning by doing makes a person creative, confident and co-operative. They also put on emphasis on the discovery and enquiry method. Pragmatism and Method of Teaching

10. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM Project-Based Learning Collaborative Learning Reflective Thinking Active Learning Community Involvement Pragmatism and Method of Teaching

11. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM Pragmatism regards teacher as a helper, guide and philosopher. The chief function of a pragmatic teacher is to suggest problems to his pupil and to stimulate them to find by themselves the solution which will work. The teacher must provide opportunities for the natural development of innate qualities if the children. Pragmatism and Teacher

12. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM While pragmatism has many advocates, it also faces criticisms. Some argue that its emphasis on experience and practical skills can come at the expense of fundamental knowledge and academic rigor. Others worry that the focus on adaptability and change might lead to a lack of stability and consistency in education. Criticisms of Pragmatism in Education

13. PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISM The practical outlook and utilitarian philosophy of Pragmatism has tremendously influenced the education system in the present world. The study has found that the activity based teaching and learning method have turned the educational process to become purposeful It has certainly infused a sense of reality in education. Pragmatism makes him optimistic, energetic, creative and active. CONCLUSION

14. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM American philosophy, which is a revolt against the ‘formal/conventional/traditional’ system of education. It emerged in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries as a response to the traditional rigid methods of education. Education is centered around for the present life itself. A theory of education that is concerned with “learning by doing People learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives.

15. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM To develop the personality of an individual through providing a democratic environment in the educational institutions . All-round development of the child . Co-operative behavior and social participation. AIMS OF EDUCATION

16. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM Child-Centered Learning Learning by Doing Integrated Curriculum Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Democratic Education Social Responsibility Key Concepts in Progressivism Philosophy of Education

17. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM Project-Based Learning Project Method Collaborative Learning Socialized Method Inquiry-Based Learning Flexible Classrooms Reflective Activities Progressivism and Methods of Teaching

18. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM The human elements, human beings are given more importance. The teacher has to meet the needs of a pupil as a good human being. As a facilitator or guide. Determine student interest. Involve students in curriculum development. Progressivism and the Teacher

19. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM Stimulate the direct learning process. The teacher, who is vital in the education process and having richer, superior experience and can analyze the present situation. The teacher will act as a stage setter, guide, and coordinator but he is not total authority, just he guides the situation. Progressivism and the Teacher

20. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM Assessment by evaluation of a child’s project and productions. Assessment by the class presentation or workshop organized by a group of learners. Quizzes or oral questioning. Feedback Performance-based assessment. Observation Multiple choice question EVALUATION

21. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM Lack of Structure Assessment Challenges Resource Intensive Implementation Variability Criticisms of Progressivism in Education

22. PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRESSIVISM Progressivism in education seeks to create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that prioritizes the needs and interests of students. By emphasizing experiential learning, critical thinking, and social responsibility, it aims to prepare students for the complexities of the modern world. While it faces challenges and criticisms, progressivism offers a compelling vision of education that is responsive to the needs of individual learners and the demands of a changing society. Conclusion

23. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Reconstructionism (also termed social reconstructionism ) is a philosophical movement that conceptualizes education as an institution for social engineering. Social reconstructionism encourages schools, teachers, and students to focus their studies and energies into a new and more pervasive social inequities, and as the name implies, reconstruct society into a new and more just social order

24. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM 1 . The survival of our society is threatened by many problems including racism, sexism , poverty, pollution, population explosion, energy shortage, illiteracy, inadequate health care and unemployment among others. 2. Something can be done to keep society from destroying itself. 3. Education provides the means of reconstructing society (social transformation) Social Reconstructionists assumes that:

25. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Social-reconstructionist education was based on the theory that society can be reconstructed through the complete control of education. The objective was to change society to conform to the basic ideals of the political party or government in power or to create a utopian society through education.

26. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Reconstructionism holds that education is a fundamental agency of culture, and as such , education is seen from an anthropological perspective.

27. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Figure 1. Historical Background of Reconstructionism in education

28. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Social reconstructionists are dissatisfied with the social, political and economic order of the society and take curriculum as vehicle for reconstruction of the society . They advocate a curriculum which gives vision of an ideal society and ensures “reconstruction” of present society on the basis of that vision. The Nature of the Curriculum

29. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Students are a critical element in bringing social change. Students are capable of initiating, and adapting to change especially if they are influenced by appropriate adult role models. Students are future of the society, so schools should educate them not only by standards but also with what could help them help the society. Nature of the Learners

30. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Social reconstructionist view the teacher as a colleague or companion whom students can look up to rather than as an authority who has control over them. The teacher is not viewed as knowing everything and the students as knowing nothing; rather both brings experiences to share with each other during instruction. The Teacher

31. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Social Reform Critical Thinking and Reflection Democratic Education Relevance to Social Realities Activism and Social Engagement Key Concepts in Reconstructivism Philosophy of Education

32. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Integrated Curriculum Service Learning Critical Pedagogy Collaborative Learning Reflective Activities Applications in the Classroom

33. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Political Bias Overemphasis on Social Issues Practical Challenges Resistance to Change Criticisms of Reconstructionsism in Education

34. PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTIVISM Reconstructivism in education seeks to use the classroom as a space for fostering social awareness, critical thinking, and active engagement in societal reform. Despite its challenges and criticisms, reconstructivism offers a compelling vision of education as a tool for social justice and positive change.

35. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM Existentialism is a philosophy of education that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility. It is rooted in existentialist philosophy, which explores themes such as the meaning of life, the nature of existence, and the importance of personal authenticity.

36. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM Etymological meaning of existence from two German words- ‘ex- sis tent’ meaning that which stand out, that which ‘emerges’ sug gests that existentialism is a philosophy that emerges out of problems of life.

37. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM Existentialism lays emphasis on freedom and individual responsibility. It has an eye-view on human weakness and in security as man is leading a lonely life being surrounded by anxieties, frustrations, fear, feeling of guilt etc .

38. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM Existence precedes Essence The Fact of Freedom No acceptance of readymade concepts Man is not alone in the world Truth is introvert and subjective Death and nothingness Self Knowledge Philosophical Premises of Existentialism

39. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION The duty of the practitioner of education is to assist the students to assume responsible selfhood , to grow up and face the world responsibly. Education is for full development of the individuality of the individual. Education is to contribute in the realization of self. Aim of Education

40. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION Education must make up pupils aware of the infinite possibilities of his freedom and the responsibilities he must bear in life. Education should create consciousness for self. Every individual is unique. Education must develop to individual differences . Aim of Education

41. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION The existentialists reject any subject matter that is unrelated to human aspiration, needs and conditions. They offer suggestions on how to use the existing subjects properly. Curriculum in Existentialism

42. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION Student-Centered Learning Dialogical Teaching Personal Project and Self-Directed Learning Exploration of Existential Themes Reflective Activities Ethical and Moral Education Teaching Method

43. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION The school should provide an atmosphere where the individual develops in a healthy way. Democratic ideals should pervade the school. The school should provide an environment where the individual find security, encouragement and acceptance by teachers. School in Existentialism

44. Individual Freedom and Choice Authenticity Personal Responsibility Subjective Experience Existential Angst and Uncertainty Holistic Education Key Concepts in Existentialism Philosophy of Education PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM

45. Lack of Structure Subjectivity Practical Challenges Potential for Isolation Criticisms of Existentialism in Education PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM

46. Education is to contribute in the realization of self. Subjective knowledge is considered more important. It is beneficial to selection of educational policy, formulation aim of education, organizing curriculum, and selection of effective pedagogy. It also applies in organizing school programs and classroom practices. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM

47. 47 S UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION “Initium Sarpientiae Timor Domini” Presenter: Rhence A. Tejero , LPT THANK YOU and YOU’RE WELCOME!