Philosophy of Engineering - Unit 3.ypptx

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1. Philosophy of Engineering Credit-2

2. Unit-3 Relationship between Science, Technology and Engineering The relationship between science, technology, and engineering is often referred to as the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. These fields are closely intertwined and build upon each other, with each playing a distinct role

3. Unit-3 1.Science: Definition : Science is the systematic study of the natural world, aiming to understand how it works through observation, experimentation, and the formulation of theories and laws. Role : Science provides the fundamental knowledge and theories that serve as the foundation for technology and engineering innovations. Example : In physics, scientists developed the theory of electromagnetism, which laid the groundwork for the technology of electrical power generation and distribution, leading to the engineering of power plants and electrical grids.

4. 2. Technology : Definition : Technology involves the application of scientific knowledge to create tools, devices, processes, and systems that solve problems and improve the quality of life. Role : Technology acts as an intermediary between scientific discoveries and practical applications in various fields. Example : The development of the internet and networking technologies, based on principles from computer science, has revolutionized communication, business, and education, creating a vast technological ecosystem.

5. 3. Engineering : Definition : Engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and optimize products, systems, and structures. Role : Engineers use scientific knowledge and technology to develop real-world solutions that meet specific needs or solve practical problems. Example : Aerospace engineers apply principles of physics and materials science to design and build spacecraft and aircraft. They use technology such as computer-aided design (CAD) software to create these complex systems. ……ex-( Autopilot)

6. To illustrate the relationship among these three domains, consider the example of Renewable energy : Science : Scientists study the principles of physics, chemistry, and earth sciences to understand natural processes, such as solar radiation and wind patterns. This knowledge helps them identify renewable energy sources and their potential. Technology : Technologists and inventors develop solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage systems based on scientific principles. These technologies harness renewable energy sources efficiently and reliably.

7. Engineering : Engineers design and build renewable energy systems, such as solar power plants or wind farms, using the technology and scientific knowledge available. They optimize these systems for maximum energy production and sustainability . In this example, science informs us about the potential of renewable energy sources, technology provides the means to harness them, and engineering creates practical solutions for generating clean energy .

8. What is Engineering knowledge? How different is it from traditional scientific knowledge? How can we obtain reliable Engineering knowledge? How can we assess the value of Engineering knowledge?

9. Answers: EPISTEMOLOGY OF ENGINEERING

10. EPISTEMOLOGY OF DESIGN ENGINEERING 4 dimensions a transdisciplinary version PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE 4 key Questions TOWARD AN EPISTEMOLOGY OF ENGINEERING

11. Four dimensions of Engineering? Engineering as a basic science Engineering as a Social and Business Activity Engineering as Design Engineering as Doing

12. 1.Engineering as a basic science Theory Model Method Publications Conferences

13. Example: Civil Engineering and Mechanics In civil engineering, the principles of mechanics from physics are essential. Engineers use these principles to design structures like bridges and buildings, ensuring they can withstand various forces such as gravity, wind, and seismic activity. While civil engineering is primarily an applied science, it relies heavily on the fundamental principles of physics to develop safe and stable structures.

14. 2. Engineering as a Social and Business Activity Negotiation Team Value Customer Market

15. Example : Sustainable Energy Projects Imagine a company specializing in renewable energy engineering. They design and implement solar power plants in various communities. In this case: Social Activity : The company engages with local communities to gain support for their projects. They address concerns about land use, environmental impact, and energy accessibility. Public acceptance and cooperation are crucial for project success.

16. 2.Business Activity : The company must secure funding for their projects, which may involve partnerships with investors, banks, or government agencies. They also need to consider the economic viability of their projects, including cost analysis, return on investment, and revenue generation. Environmental Responsibility : Engineers in the company must ensure that their solar power plants are designed to minimize environmental impact, such as habitat disruption or land degradation. They may also need to meet regulatory requirements related to emissions and environmental conservation

17. 2.Long-Term Sustainability : Engineering decisions go beyond technical aspects. They involve choices that affect the long-term sustainability of the project and its social acceptance. This includes considerations about maintenance, community engagement, and adaptability to changing energy needs.

18. 3. Engineering as Design Project System Integration

19. 4. Engineering as Doing Product Service Masterpiece (ex-Palm Island)

20. Engineering as transdisciplinary version Today’s complex problems, especially those with significant impact on nature and society, require a holistic approach for solving them by considering knowledge from a diverse range of disciplines, technical as well as social, and from user and practitioner communities. Interchange of cross-disciplinary knowledge is needed to evaluate and design for sustainable benefits and costs shared equitably across society and nature. Transdisciplinary Engineering (TE) is the exchange of knowledge in the context of an innovation, in product, process, organization or social environment.

21. 2.The four questions of Philosophy of Knowledge Ontological Question What reality can we known? B. Epistemological question what is knowledge? what knowledge can we get? C. Methodological question how can we build that knowledge? D. Axiological question what is the value of knowledge we bu ild?

22. Ontological Question What reality can we known? What reality can Engineering known? Answer: In epistemology, the study of knowledge, engineering grasps various aspects of reality through different methods and perspectives.

23. Empirical Reality: Explanation : Engineers often rely on direct observations and measurable data from the physical world. Example : A civil engineer examines the stress and strain on materials in a bridge using instruments and on-site inspections. 2. Theoretical Reality: Explanation : Engineering is guided by theoretical models and principles, providing a conceptual understanding of systems. Example : In chemical engineering, theoretical knowledge of reaction kinetics informs the design of chemical processes and reactors.

24. 3. Simulated Reality: Explanation : Engineers use simulations to model and predict the behavior of systems under different conditions. Example : Aerospace engineers simulate airflow over a new wing design to predict aerodynamic performance before physical testing . 4. Experiential Reality: Explanation : Practical experience and hands-on application contribute to an engineer's understanding of how things work. Example : An electrical engineer troubleshoots and repairs a malfunctioning circuit based on past experiences with similar systems.

25. 5. Conceptual Reality: Explanation: Engineering involves abstract concepts and models that guide problem-solving and design. Example: In computer engineering, understanding the conceptual model of a programming language informs software design and development . 6. Social and Ethical Reality: Explanation : Engineers must consider societal and ethical implications, recognizing the broader impact of their work. Example: Cyber security work, Cybersecurity is a field that focuses on protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft

26. 7. Dynamic Reality: Explanation : Engineering knowledge evolves over time, adapting to new discoveries, technologies, and societal needs. Example : Environmental engineers adjust strategies for sustainable design as new information emerges about ecological systems. In summary, engineering knowledge, within the framework of epistemology, embraces empirical, theoretical, simulated, experiential, conceptual, social, ethical, and dynamic realities. The interdisciplinary nature of engineering requires a multifaceted approach to understand and address the complexities of the real world.

27. B. Epistemological question what is knowledge? what is Engineering knowledge?

28. B. Engineering Knowledge in Epistemology : Epistemology deals with the nature and scope of knowledge. In the context of engineering, knowledge is not only theoretical but also practical, involving the application of scientific principles to real-world problems. Theoretical Understanding Engineering knowledge begins with a strong theoretical foundation. This includes a deep understanding of scientific principles, mathematics, and relevant theories that form the basis for engineering practices.

29. Example : In electrical engineering, a professional must comprehend theories related to electromagnetism, circuit theory, and signal processing. This theoretical knowledge serves as the groundwork for designing electronic devices and systems . 2. Practical Application: Epistemologically, engineering knowledge extends beyond theory to practical application. It involves the ability to implement theoretical concepts to create tangible solutions for real-world problems.

30. Example : In aerospace engineering, theoretical knowledge of aerodynamics is practically applied when designing an aircraft wing. Engineers must use this knowledge to optimize the wing shape for lift, considering factors such as airfoil design and fluid dynamics

31. 3. Problem-Solving Skills Engineering knowledge is inherently tied to problem-solving. It requires the ability to analyze complex issues, identify challenges, and develop innovative solutions using a combination of theoretical understanding and practical application . Example: In civil engineering, when designing a sustainable and structurally sound building, engineers must solve problems related to load distribution, environmental impact, and material selection, showcasing their problem-solving skills.

32. 4. Interdisciplinary Nature Epistemologically, engineering knowledge often spans multiple disciplines. It integrates insights from various scientific fields to address complex challenges and create holistic solutions. Example: In biomedical engineering, knowledge from biology, chemistry, and materials science is combined to develop medical devices such as artificial organs. This interdisciplinary approach enhances the depth and breadth of engineering knowledge .

33. 5.Continuous Learning and Adaptation Engineering knowledge, viewed through an epistemological lens, acknowledges the dynamic nature of technology and science. Engineers must engage in continuous learning, adapting their knowledge to new discoveries, technologies, and societal needs. Example: In software engineering, professionals need to continuously update their knowledge to stay abreast of evolving programming languages, development methodologies, and cybersecurity practices, reflecting the dynamic nature of engineering knowledge.

34. In summary, engineering knowledge, when examined in the context of epistemology, involves a blend of theoretical understanding, practical application, problem-solving skills, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a commitment to continuous learning.

35. C. Methodological question How can Engineering knowledge be built? Building engineering knowledge involves a systematic and methodological approach Educational Foundation: Method : Start with a solid educational foundation in relevant fields such as mathematics, physics, and specific engineering disciplines. Actions : Pursue formal education through academic programs, courses, and certifications. Acquire a strong understanding of fundamental principles.

36. 2.Practical Application: Method : Apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios through practical projects and hands-on experiences. Actions : Engage in internships, cooperative education program , or personal projects to gain practical experience. Apply classroom concepts to solve real engineering problems. 3.Problem-Solving Skills: Method : Develop strong problem-solving skills by actively solving engineering challenges. Actions : Work on engineering problems, participate in competitions, and collaborate on projects that require innovative solutions. Learn to analyze and break down complex issues.

37. 4.Interdisciplinary Learning : Method : Expand knowledge by exploring interdisciplinary connections and understanding the broader context of engineering. Actions : Take courses or engage in projects that involve collaboration with professionals from diverse fields. Understand how engineering interfaces with other disciplines. 5.Continuous Learning : Method : Embrace a mindset of lifelong learning to stay updated with evolving technologies and methodologies. Actions : Attend workshops, seminars, and conferences. Read research papers, industry publications, and stay informed about the latest developments in the field. .

38. 6.Networking and Collaboration : Method : Collaborate with peers, mentors, and professionals to gain insights and share knowledge. Actions : Participate in professional organizations, join engineering communities, attend networking events, and seek mentorship opportunities. Learn from the experiences of others. 7.Research and Innovation: Method : Contribute to the advancement of knowledge through research and innovation. Actions : Engage in research projects, pursue advanced degrees, and contribute to publications. Explore innovative solutions to engineering challenges.

39. 8.Ethical Considerations : Method : Integrate ethical considerations into engineering practices. Actions : Understand the ethical implications of engineering decisions. Consider social and environmental impacts. Adhere to ethical codes and standards. By following this methodological approach, engineers can systematically build their knowledge base, combining theoretical understanding with practical experience and ethical considerations.

40. D. Axiological question what is the value of Engineering knowledge ? 1.Scientists follow Principle of value exclusion Values have no role to play in knowledge construction ethical behavior is formally policed by external mechanism 2. Some designer ,some social scientists follow principle of value inclusion. values have an essential role to play in the emergent process of knowledge construction

41. RIASEC model The RIASEC model, also known as the Holland Codes, is a psychological framework developed by American psychologist John L. Holland to categorize and understand individual differences in personality and career interests. The model is based on the idea that people can be classified into one or more of six distinct personality and interest types.

42. careers for realistic personality Construction Trades : This includes professions such as carpenters, electricians, plumbers, masons, and general contractors. These roles involve building and repairing structures and systems . Mechanical Trades : Jobs like automotive mechanics, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) technicians, and aircraft mechanics focus on maintaining and repairing mechanical systems

43. careers for Investigative personality science and Research : Investigative individuals are naturally inclined to explore and understand complex problems. They often excel in scientific research, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and making discoveries. In this field, you can pursue various roles in different scientific disciplines, such as : Biological Sciences : Careers like microbiologists, geneticists, and ecologists study living organisms and ecosystems, contributing to advancements in medicine, genetics, and environmental conservation . Chemistry : Chemists explore the properties and reactions of chemicals, develop new materials, and conduct experiments, which can lead to innovations in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and more .

44. Data Analysis and Statistics : Investigative personalities often thrive in roles that involve in-depth data analysis, critical thinking, and problem-solving. This field includes roles such as: Data Analyst : Data analysts gather and interpret data to extract insights and support data-driven decision-making. They work in a variety of industries, including finance, marketing, and healthcare. Statisticians : Statisticians specialize in statistical analysis, designing experiments, and interpreting data. They play a crucial role in research, quality control, and public policy development. .

45. careers for Artistic personality Visual Arts : Painter : Express your creativity through painting, creating original artwork that can be displayed in galleries or sold to art enthusiasts. Sculptor : Craft three-dimensional art, using materials such as clay, metal, or wood to create sculptures and installations. Graphic Designer : Blend art and technology to design visuals for various applications, such as logos, websites, advertisements, and branding materials .

46. Performing Arts : Actor/Actress : Showcase your talents on stage or in front of the camera by portraying characters in theater, film, or television productions. Dancer : Use your body to express artistic movement, whether in ballet, contemporary dance, hip-hop, or other dance forms. Musician : Play musical instruments, compose music, or sing to create and perform original songs or pieces. Film Director: Oversee the artistic and creative aspects of filmmaking, from script development to visual storytelling.

47. Activity on RIASEC Model In the following activities, please tell me which one you like                                            (1) I consider myself to be athletic. (2) I am a nature lover. ( 3) I am curious about the physical world (nature, space, living things). (4) I am independent. (5) I like to fix things.

48. (6) I like to use my hands (plant a garden, help with fixing up the house). (7) I enjoy exercising. (8) I like to save money. (9) I like to work until the job gets done. (10) I like working on my own . In the following activities, please tell me which one you like  

49. Activity on RIASEC Model In the following activities, please tell me which one you like                                              (1) I am very cautious and careful. (2) I am curious about everything. (3) I can do complex calculations. (4) I like to solve math's problems. (5) I like to use computers.

50. (6) I like to read books all the time. (7) I like collecting things (rocks, stamps, coins). (8) I like crossword puzzles. (9) I like science class or science subjects. (10) I like to be challenged. In the following activities, please tell me which one you like        

51. Activity on RIASEC Model In the following activities, please tell me which one you like  (1) I am very creative. (2) I like to draw and paint. (3) I can play a musical instrument. (4) I like designing my own clothing or wearing exciting fashions. (5) I like to read fiction, plays and poetry.

52. (6) I like arts and crafts. (7) I attend lots of movies. (8) I like to take pictures of everything (birds, people, landmarks). (9) I enjoy learning a foreign language. (10) I like to sing, act and dance.                            

53. Activity on RIASEC Model In the following activities, please tell me which one you like (1) I am very friendly. (2) I like tutoring or teaching others. (3) I like talking in front of people. (4) I work well with classmates and friends. (5) I enjoy leading discussions.

54. (6) I like helping people with problems. (7) I play team sports. (8) I like going to parties. (9) I like making new friends. (10) I like working with social groups at my church .  

55. Activity on RIASEC Model In the following activities, please tell me which one you like . (1) I like learning about money. (2) I enjoy selling products (school candy drives, church fundraisers). (3) I consider myself to be popular in school. (4) I like to lead groups and discussions. (5) I am often elected to officer positions in groups or clubs. (

56. 6) I like having power and leadership. (7) I want to own a small business. (8) I like to save money. (9) I like to work until the job gets done. (10) I like taking risks and engaging in new adventures .

57.   Activity on RIASEC Model In the following activities, please tell me which one you like (1) I am very organized and neat. (2) I like making sure that my room is neat and clean very often. (3) I enjoy collecting newspaper articles about famous events. (4) I like keeping lists. (5) I like using the computer. (

58. 6) I am very practical and consider all costs when buying something. (7) I would rather type a school assignment then turn it in long-hand. (8) I like being the secretary in my clubs or groups. (9) I double-check all mathematics assignments. (10) I like writing letters .