Photometry and spectrophotometry

in this we can learn what is Photometry?, what is spectrophotometry ? and application of spectrophotometry?, uses of photometry? etc..

1. BIO-CHEMISTRY PHOTOMETRY AND SPECTOPHOTOMETRY.

2. TODAY WE GO THROUGH What is the photometry? Principle of photometry? Uses of photometry? What is spectrophotometry? Principle of spectrophotometry? Applications of spectrophotometry? Difference between the photometry and spectrophotometry?

3. BEFORE GOING INTO THE TOPIC, LETS LEARN FEW POINTS: LIGHT: Light is electromagnetic radiation that shows properties of both waves and particles. It exists in tiny energy packets called photons. FREQUENCY: It is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. WAVE LENGTH: It is the distance between the two crest or two troughs WAVE: It is a kind of oscillation that travels through space(peak) and matter(troughs). SPEED OF LIGHT(C): 3 × 10 8 m\s.

4. PHOTOMETRY Photometry is the technique that measures the concentration of organic and inorganic compounds in a solution by determining the absorbance of wavelengths of light. Photometry instruments have many laboratory and practical applications. It is the science of measurememt of light, in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye.

5. PRINCIPLE OF PHOTOMETRY The basic principle of this technology involves measurement of quantity of light absorbing analyte in a solution. This results in reflection of a light of lower intensity. This can only applied to solution which follow the Beer Lambert’s law.

6. WAVELENTHS The wavelength of emitted light is specific for specific elements

7. USES OF PHOTOMETRY Photometry is used in various industries like chemicals, soils, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, in plants and water, and in biological and microbiological laboratories. It is used in determination of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in biological fluids like serum, plasma, urine etc , is routinely carried out by photometer. Analysis of industrial water natural water for determining elements responsible for hard water is standard procedure in many laboratories.

8. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY It is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorb light y measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. These are widely used in various disciplines such as physics, molecular biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. The difference between the spectrometer and spectrophotometer: A spectrometer measures emission spectrum, as the light focused on its entrance slit, dispersed and registered at different wavelengths. Spectrophotometer measures absorption spectrum of a sample placed inside.

9. APPLICATIONS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER Qualitative analysis: used to identify classes of compound in both pure state and in biological preparations. Determination of double standard DNA: DNA absorbed at 260 nm. This absorbance increase with rise in temperature, as double standard DNA become single standard. Molecular weight determination: the molecular weight of amines, sugars, and many aldehyde and ketone compounds can be determined.

10. DIFFERENCE BTW PHOTOMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY P hotometry measures the total brightness as seen by the human eye. Spectrophotometry measures the intensity at each wavelength on the whole range of electromagnetic spectrum for which the measurement are necessary .