PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI Chemistry of natural product.pptx

Phyllanthus Niruri- chemistry of natural product pdf

1. PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI Presented By, Chinnu Suresh First year Mpharm

2. INTRODUCTION It is a small annual herb growing up to 30-40cm in height and is indigenous to the Amazon rainforest and other tropical areas, including South East Asia, Southern India and China. It is known as " Charaka ", it is useful for various liver disorder. SYNONYMS: Phyllanthus, Bhai-Amla, Chanca Piedra, Gale of the wind, Seed-under-leaf BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: It consists of all aerial parts of the plant, Phyllanthus niruri belonging to family Euphorbiaceae . It contains not less than 0.25 per cent of total phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on dried basis. GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE: The plant is found growing abundantly throughout India, mainly in the states of Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Bengal. Also found in Sri Lanka

3. Phyllanthus Niruri Colour : Green to yellowish green in colour Taste : Bitter Odour : None Stem : 1-1.5cm length Leaves : Short stalked oblong in shape

4. EXTRACTION METHOD OF Phyllanthus Niruri Fresh plants The plant was dried and grinded into fine powder 100g of powder was soaked in 1000ml of 95% ethanol for 3days Then, the mixture was filtered using filter paper Distilled under reduced pressure in a rotating evaporator The ethanol extract was then dissolved in 10%tween 20

5. Active Constituent and Types of phytochemicals Many of the active constituents to which the biological activity of Phyllanthus niruri has been attributed include lignans, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and phenylpropanoids. These are found in the leaves, stem and roots of this plant. Common lipids, sterols and flavonols also occur in the plant.

6. Types of Chemicals Found in Plants CHEMICAL CLASSES PHYTOCHEMICAL PRESENT PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS FLAVONOIDS Rutin, Quercetin, Astragalin, Catachin Blood vessel strengthener, Anti-oxidant, Anti- Cancer, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Anti- leishmanial, Antidiarrhoeal , Diuretics. TERPENES Limonene, P-cymene, LUPEOL Anticarcinogenic, Antioxidant, COUMARINS Ellagic Acid, Methyl Brevifolin carboxylate Chemopreventive effect in cancer, Vasorelaxent TANNINS Repandusinic Acid, Geranin, Corilagin Reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Anti-hypertensive, Anti-fungal, Thrombolytics. SAPONINS Diosgenin Anti-fungal, Cardiovascular active LIGNANS Phyllanthin, Hypophyllanthin , Nirunthin, Nirtetralin, Phylhetralin Hepatoprotective, Antigenotoxic, Anti-HIV, Anti- inflammatory, Anti-viral, Anti- tumour

7. Structure of lignans

8. Phyllanthus niruri IN LIVER DYSFUNCTION Phyllanthus primarily contains lignans ( e.g.phyllanthine and hypophyllanthine ) & have been shown to possess hepatoprotective activity. Phyllanthus niruri has a very long traditional use as it cure liver diseases and it was mentioned as one of herbs for treatment of jaundice in ancient texts of Ayurveda. Many laboratory and clinical tests has proved niruri's effectiveness of protecting liver from damage (by alcohol, chemical toxines , drugs such as Paracetamol, Nimesulide , CC14 induced liver toxicity, galactosamine induced cytotoxicity), in tonifying and strenghtening liver, balancing liver enzymes, and killing pathogens that infect liver (including hepatitis B virus, Staphylococcus aureus). Drug-induced liver injury is a major health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. The Carbon tetrachloride and Galactosamine induced cytotoxicity can be decreased by the P. niruri hexane extract. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin protects against the CCL4- & Galactosamine induced cell lesions and Hepatotoxicity in liver transferase enzymes levels & significantly increased protein levels. Also, the protein isolated from this plant protects the liver from Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity and this can be measured by the liver enzymes and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes.

9. Protein isolated from this plant was found to enhance cell viability against Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced cytotoxicity and cell death, and is protects hepatocytes against thioacetamide induced cytotoxicity. The extract prevents the alterations in GSH levels and it also reduces the lipid peroxidation induced by TAA. Alcohal is a toxin in higher doses and when it is associated with poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induces oxidative stress & hepatotoxicity. This can be efficiently reduced by Phyllanthus niruri extract analyzed by the antioxidant potentials of liver enzymes and histopathological studies.

10. Marketed Formulation It has been used as a curer since ancient times in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and other traditional systems of medicine. This herb is available on the market in form of whole dried herb, tea sachettes , powder, capsules, tablets, and liquid alcoholic and non-alcoholic extracts. The active compounds phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin isolated from P. niruri are major components of many popular liver tonies in India including Liv.-52

11. REFERENCE Kokate C.K., Purohit A.P., Gokhale S. B. "PHARMACOGNOSY', Edition 43, 2009, Nirali Prakashan , Page No:-13.89-13.91 K. Narendra, J. Swathi, K. M. Sowjanya , A. Krishna Satya, "Phyllanthus niruri : A Review on its Ethno Botanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile", Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2012, 5(9 ), 4681-4691

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