Phylum Arthropoda

Cecelia Lounsberry and Gabe Dwyer

1. Phylum Arthropoda
By: Cecelia Lounsberry and Gabe Dwyer

2. General Characteristics
●Bilaterally Symmetrical
●Cells form up to the size of tissues and organs.
●Eat everything from plants to animals
●Live everywhere in land, fresh water, salt
water, and every other environment
●Largest Phyla on earth
 

3. Support System
●Exoskeleton-made of protein and chitin
-used for protection
-keeps joints attached
-molting- sheds exoskeleton as it grows.
●usually contain a range from 3 to 300 sets
of legs; usually have 2 pairs of antennae
●segmentation-head, thorax, abdomen

4. Digestive/Excrete System
●Eat Everything
●Food enters through the mouth and flows
into the mid-gut where food is broken down
and pushed to the hind gut.
●Nutrients and wastes are separated and
either dispersed through the body or
excreted in the form of guanine (DON'T
drink energy drinks!)

5. Circulatory System
●Open Circulatory System
body fluid enters pores to the organs and
is propelled through arteries to the body
●Body fluid-Hemolymph (NOT blood)
●Hemolymph is pumped by the heart to
sinuses called the hemocoel
●No Veins

6. Respiratory System
●Aquatic arthropods possess gills for
respiration
●Land arthropods have a tracheae and book
lungs as respiratory organs
●Air passes through the tracheae through
specialized openings in the exoskeleton
called spiracles

7. Nervous System
●Double chain of ganglia along the ventral
surface of the arthropod
●At anterior end are 3 fused pairs of dorsal
ganglia, constitutes the brain
●Much of the control of arthropod's activities
is in the central ganglia

8. Reproductive System
●Most reproduce sexually
○However, some species reproduce through
parthenogenesis
●Sperm are usually transferred to the female
in sealed packets called spermatophores
●The paired sex organs are connected
directly to the ducts that open unto the
ventral surface of the trunk
 

9. Hexapoda
●Includes insects
●Mostly live on land
●3 pairs of legs; 2 pairs of wings
●There are more species of Hexapoda than
all other forms of life combined
 
 

10. Cheliceriforms
●Includes horseshoe crabs, spiders,
scorpions, ticks and mites
●Live on land or in water
●Have chelicerae, which serve as pincers or
fangs.
●They do not have antennae

11. Crustaceans
●Live in fresh and salt water environments
●Crustacea is Latin for "Shell"
●Shell is made of calcium, protein, and chitin
●Have anywhere from 16 to 60 segments; 2-3
pairs of legs
●Advanced crustaceans have pincers
●Include: Crabs, Lobsters, Barnacle, Shrimp
 

12. Myriapods
●All Myriapods live on land
●Head contains 3 appendages for eating
including mandibles (jaw like structure)
●Millipedes
-less than 1000 legs (2 pairs per segment)
-herbivores
-among earliest animals on land
●Centipedes
-1 pair of legs per segment
-carnivorous (havepoison claws)