Phylum Chordata (PowerPoint Presentation)

A brief description of phylum chordata of about 10 slides.

1. Biology Project: CHORDATA By: VAIBHAV PATEL SUPREET PANDA ANSHUMAN NAYAK

2. Phylum Chordata Animals possessing notochord either thought life or during early embryonic life. The notochord is stiff & flexible rod lying ventral to nerve Are triploblastic Are coelomate Are bilaterally symmetrical Have post anal tail  Closed circulatory system Have dorsal hollow nerve cord Paired pharyngeal gill slits 3 sub phylum: 1. Urochordata or Tunicata 2. Cephalochordata 3. Vertebrata.

3. Protochordata Vertebrata

4. Class Cyctostomata E.g.: Lamprey ( petromyzen ) & H agfish ( myxine ) Parasites on fishes Elongated body have 6-14 pair of gill slits for respiration Sucking & circular mouth No functional pineal eye Single sex organ discharges gametes in coelomate Cranium & vertebral column – cartilaginous Persistent notochord Heart surrounded by a cartilaginous capsule Have m arine habitat Migrate into river for spawning Ammocoete larva hatches out from eggs through metamorphosis that migrate into oceans  

5. Class Chondrichthyes Marine fishes Cartilaginous Endoskeleton 5 pairs of gills slits without gill cover No swim bladder Mouth ventral Viviparous fertilization internal Some like ray fish have electric organ, sting in sting ray Class Osteichthyes Fresh / marine fishes Bony endoskeleton 7 pairs of gill slits with gill cover – operculum Swim bladder present Mouth terminal Oviparous fertilization external No such electric organ present

6. Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

7. Class Amphibian 2 phases in life cycle: adult & larvae Larva is aquatic & adult is terrestrial Require water for breeding, fertilisation is external 2 pairs of limbs Body divided into head & trunk but no neck present Moist skin without scales A tympanum replace the ear Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior Heart: 3 chambered, 2 auricles & 1 ventecial Are cold blooded Respiration in tapoles : gills, adults: lungs & skin, some breath through gills in adult stage too Sexes are separate

8. Condt …… Eg :- toad Frog Salamander Limbless amphibian

9. Class Reptilian Crawling animals Body covered by dry, cornfied skin that contain epidermal scales Post and tail present No external ear openings 2 pair of limbs with 5 digits in each Cold blooded   Heart: 3 chambered Are carnivorous Snakes & lizard shed their scales Internal fertilization E.g.: Turtle ( C helna ), Lizard ( Hemidadyles )

10. Class Aves Streamlined body Body has head, trunk & a pair of limbs Body covered with feather Forelimbs convert into feather Bones are hollow Are warm blooded Heart: 4 chambered No teeth in mouth Alimentary canal has crop & gizzard Have sharp eyesight Oil gland present at the base of tail Are o viparous Eg :- Crow Parrot Owl

11. Class Mammalia Found in a variety of habitats Have milk producing mammary glands Skin has hair Have 2 pairs of pentaductile limbs having nails or claws at the apex Have external ear Teeth are present Heart: 4 chambered, except Crocodile Diaphragm divided body cavity in upper chest and lower chest E.g.: Whale ( B ulaenoptero ), Monkey ( M acau ), Horse ( Eques )