Physical development in infancy period

In the infancy period, infants have physical, social and emotional, and moral development. Out of that development, in this presentation physical development is discussed.

1. Various Developments of Infancy Period: Physical Development S. Maheswari Section: B Roll. No: 62 V.O.C College of Education.

2. INFANCY

3. Age (months) Development BIRTH WEIGHT 4 to 6 Double 12 Triple Age (months) Development GROWTH (INCHES) Two times longer than at birth by the time by 10 to 12 months old Grow about 1 to 1 ½ inches each month Every month for the first 6 month Head will grow about a ½ inch Head will continue to look large compared to the rest of his body. But, with time his body’s growth catches up. Age (months) Development TEETH 4 ot 6 2 lower centre teeth 7 Upper centre teeth 9 to 11 Upper and lower side teeth End of 1 st year 6 to 8 teeth

4. Physical activities of an infant 0-6 months 7-12 months Startles to loud sounds Visually follows a moving object from side to side Visually follows a moving object from up and down Reacts to pain by crying Withdraws or reacts with surprise when in contact with something cold Reacts with pleasure/smile or relaxed expression when he/she tastes something delicious Reacts by making a face/frowns/grimaces when he/she tastes something he/she does not like Reacts with pleasure when he/she smells something nice React by making a face when he/she smells something fouls

5. Brain Development At birth, the newborn’s brain is about 25% of its adult weight. Shortly after birth, a baby’s brain produces trillions more connections between neurons than it can possibly use. The brain eliminates connections that are seldom or never used. The infant’s brain is literally waiting for experiences to determine how connections are made.

6. Sensory Development The newborn senses the world into which he/she is born through his/her senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell. As he/she advances physically his/her sensory and perceptual ability also develop.

7. The newborn’s vision is about 10 to 30 times lower than normal adult vision. Newborns can detect light and dark but cannot see all colours. By 6 month of age, vision becomes better and by the first birthday, the infant’s vision approximates that of an adult. Infants preferred to look at patterns such as faces and concentric circles rather than at colour or brightness. Among the first few things that babies learn to recognize is their mother’s face as they feed and nurse them Hearing is fully developed in newborns . The sense of hearing in an infant develops much before the birth of the baby. When in the womb, the baby hears his/her mother’s heartbeats, the grumbling of his/her stomach, the mother’s voice and music. Babies with normal hearing should startle in response to loud sounds, pay quiet attention to the mother's voice, and briefly stop moving when sound at a conversational level is begun. The brain's olfactory (smell) centre forms very early in fetal development. Studies have found that newborns have a keen sense of smell. Within the first few days they will show a preference for the smell of their own mother, especially to her breast milk.

8. At 1 month, baby's hands are closed most of the time. But when they're open, they'll enjoy grasping finger if anyone touch their palm. Later, babies enjoy the feel of touch as we handle them. They begins to respond. By the time of one year old, babies start exploring all sorts of textures – hard, soft, cold, wet, sticky, and squishy. They won’t investigate objects so much with mouth and is much more able to use hands to touch and play with objects. Taste buds begin to form early in fetal development. It is known that babies prefer sweet tastes over sour or bitter tastes. Babies also show a strong preference for breast milk and breastfeeding, especially if they are breastfed and then offered bottle milk.

9. A motor skill is a function, which involves the precise movement of muscles with the intent to perform a specific act. Motor skill

10. Motor Reflexes Along this aspect of motor development, infants begin form reflexes, to gross motor skills and fine motor skills The newborn has some basic reflexes which are, of course automatic, and serve as survival mechanism before they have the opportunity to learn. Many reflexes which are present at birth which generally subside within a few months as the baby matures and grows. COMMON REFLEXES: Sucking Reflex Rooting Reflex Gripping Reflex Curling Reflex Startle/Moro Reflex Galant Reflex Tonic Neck Reflex

11. Sucking Reflex

12. Rooting Reflex

13. Gripping Reflex

14. Curling Reflex

15. Startle/Moro Reflex

16. Galant Reflex

17. Tonic Neck Reflex

18. Gross Motor Skill Gross motor skills involve movements of the large muscles of the arms, legs, and torso.

19. 0-6 months 7-12 months Holds head steadily. Moves arms and legs equally to reach at dangling objects Rolls over Bounces when held standing briefly bearing weight on legs Sits with support Stating to crawl but not yet very good at this Sits steadily without support Creeps or crawl with ease as a primary means of moving around Stands without support Stands from a sitting position without any help Squats from standing position with ease Stands from standing position with ease Bends over easily without falling Stands from a bend position without falling Walks sideways by holding onto the sides of crib or furniture Walks with one hand held

20. Fine Motor Skill Fine motor skills are the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and wrists.

21. 0-6 months 7-12 months Hands open most of the time Bring both hands together towards dangling object/toy Use either hand interchangeably to grasp objects Use all 5 fingers in a ranking motion to get food/ toy placed on a flat surface Grasp objects with the same hand most of the time (hand preference emerging) Pulls toys by string Bangs two large blocks together Picks up objects with thumb and index fingers Grasp objects form hand to hand Grasps objects with the same hand all the time (definite hand preference established)

22. Daily Activities 0-6 months 7-12 months Sucks and swallows milk form breast/bottle Begins to take complementary semi – solid foods by the end of 6 moths Keeps reasonably still while being dressed, undressed, bathed and while diaper is being changed Holds feeding bottle by himself Helps hold cup for drinking Chews solid food well Feeds self with finger foods Scoops with a spoon with spillage

23. 0-6 months 7-12 months Makes gurling, cooing, babbling or other vocal sounds Uses gestures (e.g. stretching his/her arms, pointing) to indicate he/she wants Repeats sounds produced by others Says meaningful sounds like amma , appa , to refer specific persons. Uses animal sounds, to identify animals (e.g. meow-meow for cat bow-bow for dog Language Development

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