Physical Education Project on Kho-Kho (Class-12)

Exactly the same thing as mentioned in the title. I worked myself to sleep so that you won't have to.

1. Project on: KHO-KHO


Name: Dhruvraj Singh

Class: XII-P

Roll Number: 11

Subject: Physical Education

School: Lions English School

Year: 2024-25

2. 1

Index
SR. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 Introduction 2
2 History 4
3 Ground
Measurement
10
4 Terminology 12
5 Rules &
Regulations
14
6 Famous
Personalities
24
7 Tournaments 35
8 Awards 37
9 Bibliography 41

3. 2

Introduction
Kho-Kho is a vibrant and dynamic
traditional sport from India that
highlights the values of teamwork,
agility, and strategic thinking. This fast-
paced game is typically played by
two teams, fostering a spirit of
cooperation and camaraderie
among participants. Kho-Kho is not
only an exciting competition but also
a social activity that brings
communities together, making it a
beloved choice in schools and local
gatherings.
The sport promotes physical fitness,
encouraging players to develop their
speed, endurance, and coordination.
Beyond its physical benefits, kho-kho
teaches essential life skills such as

4. 3

communication, quick decision-
making, and strategic planning, all of
which are valuable both on and off
the field.
Kho-Kho also holds significant cultural
importance, reflecting India’s rich
sporting heritage. It serves as a
platform for social integration,
welcoming players from diverse
backgrounds and age groups. As kho-
kho continues to thrive, it inspires
enthusiasm and participation,
celebrating the joy of movement and
collaboration in a competitive yet
friendly environment. Through its
unique blend of athleticism and
community spirit, kho-kho remains a
cherished part of Indian culture,
engaging generations in the love of
play.

5. 4

History of KHO-KHO
Kho-Kho is one of the most popular
traditional sports in India, with its origins
tracing back to ancient times. The
sport is believed to have developed in
Maharashtra, India, and has deep
roots in Indian culture, especially as it
was originally played in rural areas.
The game's name "Kho-Kho" is said to
come from the word "Kho," which
means "to chase" in Marathi,
highlighting the core element of the
game: running and chasing.

Ancient Origins
Kho-Kho's origins can be linked to
ancient India, with evidence
suggesting that similar games were
played as far back as

6. 5

4000 years ago. Some historians
believe that Kho-Kho evolved from a
form of chase and tag games played
by warriors during
free time or as part of military training.
These games were used to develop
quick reflexes, stamina, and team
coordination, which are essential
qualities for any warrior.

Early Development
The structured version of Kho-Kho that
we see today began to take shape in
Maharashtra during the early 20th
century.
It was during this time that schools and
local clubs began to formalize the
rules of the game. In 1914, Deccan
Gymkhana of Pune played a key role
in giving Kho-Kho a defined structure

7. 6

and popularizing it among youth and
local communities.
However, it remained primarily a
regional game until the mid-20th
century.

National Recognition
In 1959, the first All India Kho-Kho
Championship was held, marking a
major step in giving Kho-Kho national
recognition.
This championship played a crucial
role in uniting players from different
states and standardizing the rules.
Kho-Kho was further promoted by the
Kho-Kho Federation of India, which
was established in 1955 to organize
and oversee the sport at
various levels, from local to national
tournaments.

8. 7

Expansion Across India
In the years following independence,
Kho-Kho gained immense popularity,
particularly in the states of
Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Gujarat, and Madhya
Pradesh. The sport's simplicity,
combined with its fast pace, made it a
favorite among youngsters. It became
a common feature in school-level
sports, with annual Kho-Kho
competitions being held across the
country. By the 1970s, the sport had
gained significant traction, leading to
the formation of regional leagues and
national tournaments.

International Attention
Although primarily an Indian sport,
Kho-Kho has seen international

9. 8

attention in recent decades. The Asian
Kho-Kho Federation was established in
1987, marking a new era for the sport.
Kho-Kho has been played in several
countries,
including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka, and Nepal. The sport gained
further international recognition when
it was featured in the South Asian
Games, and it continues to grow in
popularity in other parts of Asia.

Present Day
Today, Kho-Kho is recognized as one
of India’s key traditional sports. The
sport is included in major sports events
in India, including the National Games
and various school-level
championships. Several states
continue to promote Kho-Kho

10. 9

through organized leagues, and the
sport has been part of multiple
editions of the Khelo India Youth
Games.

Conclusion
The history of Kho-Kho is deeply
intertwined with India’s culture and
traditions. From its roots as a rural
game to its status as a national and
international sport, Kho-Kho has
evolved while maintaining its core
values of teamwork, speed,
and strategy. The game continues to
inspire new generations of athletes
and remains a cherished part of
India’s sporting heritage.

11. 10

Ground Measurement
The field is 27 by 16 metres (89 by
52 ft), with a distance of 24 metres
(79 ft) between the two poles, and the
central lane having a width of 30
centimetres (12 in). Each of the cross
lanes (which pass through the sitting
areas that the chasers sit in, and go
from one side of the court to the
other) has a width of 35 centimetres
(14 in), with adjacent cross lanes 2.3
metres (7 ft 7 in) apart, and a
separation of 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in)
between each pole and its adjacent
cross lane. Each pole is 120 to 125
centimetres (47 to 49 in) high and 9 to
10 centimetres (3.5 to 3.9 in) in
diameter. The poles are smooth and
round, with no sharp edges. There are

12. 11

1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)-long extensions of the
court behind each of the poles known
as "free zones", in which there are no
restrictions on chasers' movements.

13. 12

Terminology
Runners, Free zone, Cross lane, Chase,
Active chaser, Chasers' blocks,
Tapping, Trapping.
The brief explanation of some of the
terms is given below:
Chasers: The players, who sit in the
Chasers' blocks are called chasers.
Runners: The runners are those
players who are chased by an active
chaser. He wants to touch or tap
them.
Active Chaser: Active chaser is that
player who persuades the runners to
put them out.
Chasers' blocks: The place for the
chasers to sit down.

14. 13

Fake Kho: Pretending to give a Kho
but actually he does not do so.
Extra Period: Any period played
after the end of a regulation game in
order to break a tie is called extra
period.
Feet Out: If both feet of the runner
touch the ground beyond side lines,
the player is given out.
Inning: The nine minutes duration of
the game that may be chasing or
running is known as an inning.
Free Zone: This is an area where
both the runner and chaser can move
in any direction.

15. 14

Rules & Regulations
1. Team Composition:
 Number of Players: Each team
consists of 12 players, but only 9
players take the field during a
match.
 Chasers & Runners: One team starts
as the chasers, while the other
team takes the role of runners.
2. The Field:
 Dimensions: The Kho-Kho field is a
rectangular court of 27 meters long
and 16 meters wide.
 Central Lane: A central lane runs
through the middle of the court,
dividing it into two halves. The
chasers sit in a row along this lane,
facing alternate directions.
 Posts: There are two poles (posts) at
each end of the central lane,

16. 15

which players use to change
direction while chasing.
3. Objective:
 The chasers must catch the runners
within a fixed time, while the
runners try to avoid being caught
and tagged.
4. Time Format:
 Innings: The game consists of two
innings for each team (one as
chasers, one as runners).
 Duration: Each inning lasts 9
minutes, with a break between
innings. Therefore, a match usually
lasts around 36 minutes.
 Chase Time: The team chasing
must try to catch all runners within 9
minutes.

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5. Rules for Chasers:
 Chasing Position: At the start of the
match, the chasers sit in a line in
the central lane, facing alternate
directions.
 Kho: The active chaser can pass on
the responsibility of chasing to a
seated teammate by tapping
them on the back and saying
"Kho."
 No Cross-Lane Movement: The
chasers can only move in the
direction they are facing, but they
are allowed to run along the
central lane. They cannot cross
over to the other side of the central
lane unless they touch a post to
change direction.
 Post-Turning: A chaser can use the
posts at the end of the central lane
to turn and change their direction.

18. 17

6. Rules for Runners:
 Entry into the Field: The runners
enter the field in batches of three.
 Avoiding the Chase: The runners
can move around the entire field
but cannot leave the boundary
lines. They must avoid being
tagged by the chasers.
 Elimination: A runner is declared
out if they are touched or tagged
by a chaser.
7. Fouls and Violations:
 Early Kho: If a chaser gives a "Kho"
before reaching the sitting chaser
or without proper positioning, it’s
considered a foul.
 Crossing the Central Line: A chaser
cannot cross the central lane or go
over to the other side without
turning around a post.

19. 18

 Obstruction by Runners: Runners
cannot obstruct or block the
chasers deliberately.
8. Scoring:
 Chasers' Points: Each runner
tagged gives the chasing team
one point.
 Winning the Game: The team with
the most points at the end of the
game wins. If both teams have the
same score, the team that took less
time to dismiss all runners wins.
9. Officials:
 Referee: Oversees the game and
ensures rules are followed.
 Umpires: Two umpires assist the
referee by monitoring both teams.
 Timekeeper & Scorer: A timekeeper
ensures accurate timing, and a
scorer records points.

20. 19

10. Substitutions:
 Substitutions can be made during
the game, but only from the
players listed on the team’s roster.
Injured players can be replaced,
but no player is allowed to re-enter
the match once substituted.

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Fundamental Skills
1. Chasing Skills:
(a) Giving Kho
(b) Taking Direction
(c) Sudden Change
(d) Tapping
(e) Turning Round the Post
(f) Trapping
(g) Diving
(h) Fake Kho
(i) Late Kho

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2. Running Skills
(a) Position on the court
(b) Running
(c) Avoiding trapping
(d) Positioning near the post
(e) Dodging
(i) Front dodge
(ii) Back dodge
(iii) Round the post dodge
The brief explanation of some of the
fundamental skills is given below:
1. Giving Kho: A chaser must say the
word 'Kho' when he is touching the
sitting chaser. It is a foul if he
does not say this word.

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2. Taking direction: After receiving
the Kho, a chaser should take his first
step out of the cross lane with care
because that step will decide his
direction of move.
3. Fake Kho: In such Kho, the chaser
pretends to give Kho but actually he
follows the runner.
4. Tapping: Tapping is touching an
active runner by extending an arm.
Tapping should be done when the
runner is on the post while tapping the
body should lean forward and arm
should be extended completely. 5.
Trapping. For trapping, the active
chaser should try to bring two or three
runners to one side or towards the
post. This situation is called trapping.

24. 23

6. Diving: In this technique, a chaser
pounces on an active runner to touch
him spontaneously. It requires a lot of
courage and practice for being an
expert diver.

25. 24

Famous Personalities

Aniket Bhagwan Pote
Aniket is a 26-year-old player who hails
from Mumbai, Maharashtra. He is an
All-Rounder who specialises in
Defending. He can be a force to
reckon with for the Gujarat Giants
side.
He started playing the game in 2006.
He still remembers playing the Senior
National final in 2018. He has played
for the Maharashtra Kho Kho side and
has been the Gold and the Silver
Medalist with them.

26. 25


Amit Vasant Patil
Amit is an All-Rounder who hails from
Railways.

Akshay Sandeep Bhangare
Akshay is a 26-year-old player who
hails from Mumbai. He will be seen
donning the Gujarat Giants jersey for
the maiden Ultimate Kho Kho season.

27. 26

He started playing Kho Kho when he
was in 5th grade. He still cherishes the
game when his team won the game
against Railways. He has represented
Maharashtra in National competitions
at the Senior and Junior level. He has
not only been the captain of the
Maharashtra Senior team but has also
led the Indian Kho Kho team during
the Test Series.
He has his parents and a brother in his
family. He feels that compared to
other sports Kho Kho is a super game
which requires one to have more
speed and stamina. He wants to be
the best Defender in this sport.

28. 27


Dipesh Vijay More
Dipesh is a 27-year-old player who
hails from Mumbai, Maharashtra. He is
an All Rounder who was picked in the
players draft by Odisha Juggernauts.
He has been playing Kho Kho since
2005.
He has represented Railways. Apart
from Eklavya Award he has also won
Veer Abhimanyu Award in 2012 and
Shiv Chhatrapati Award in 2016-17.
His father is a former senior clerk. Kho
Kho is his first choice as a sport. He has
been playing it since his school days
and he loves it from a young age.

29. 28


Majahar Kalandar Jamadar
Majahar is a talented Attacker who
was born in Ichalkaranji, Kolhapur,
Maharashtra.
He has played for Jayhind Mandal,
Ichalkaranji. He has won 5 Gold
Medals in Senior National.
He comes from a middle class family.
In his opinion, it is a team sport which
has a large game
spirit, discipline and strong mental
power.

30. 29


Pratik Kiran Waikar
Pratik is a 30-year-old Kho Kho player
who hails from Maharashtra. He joined
the Telugu Yoddhas unit as an All
Rounder.
He is an experienced campaigner
who started playing Kho Kho when he
was just 9 years old. He has played for
the Maharashtra state team.
His achievements range from winning
Gold in 12th SAF Games, the Eklavya
Award in 2019, Gold
in India vs England series held in
London, 8 Medals at Senior National
which includes 2 Gold and

31. 30

6 Silver, 6 Gold medals in Federation
Cup National, Gold in Junior National
and 2 Bronze Medals in Sub-Junior
National. He is the only player from
Maharashtra who led the team in all
the three age groups (i.e U14, U18,
Senior). He also received the Best
Player award in the
Federation Cup National 3 times in a
row and the Chhatrapati Sambhaji
Raje award in Maharashtra in 2021.
In his opinion,
Kho Kho is an attractive sport and he
loves the game very much. He wants
to add another feather in his cap.

32. 31


Adarsh Dattatray Mohite
Adarsh is a 21-year-old player who
hails from Kolhapur, Maharashtra. He
was picked by the
Telugu Yoddhas and he plays for them
as an Attacker.
At the age of 17, he started playing
the sport. He has been an active
player of the Kolhapur Kho Kho
team. He has a long list of
achievements which consists of a
Gold Medal in 1st and 3rd Khelo
India Games. He has also won a Silver
Medal at Junior National level. He has
been a Bronze

33. 32

Medalist twice for the Senior National
team. He has also won Bronze and
Silver medal at the
School level. He says that it is a very
exciting sport
and he fell in love when he saw it for
the first time.

Pritam Ankush Chougule
Pritam is a Defender who hails from
Kolhapur. He was picked by Chennai
Quick Guns in the players draft.

34. 33


Avinash Shivaji Desai
Avinash is a 22-year-old player who
was born and raised in Kolhapur,
Maharashtra. He is an All-
Rounder who Odisha Juggernauts
bought from the players draft.
He has played for the Maharashtra
Kho Kho
team. He has been a key player in the
state Kho Kho setup.

35. 34


Sourabh Shivaji Adavkar
Adavkar is a 21-year-old Attacker who
hails from Sankeshwar, Belgavi,
Karnataka. He was picked by
Rajasthan Warriors in the players draft.
He started playing Kho Kho when he
was 13 years old. He has represented
Saraswati Sports Ichalkaranji in Kho
Kho. He is a Bronze Medalist in Senior
National. He has also won a Silver
Medal in Junior National. He chose
Kho Kho over other sports because he
feels that the sport has discipline and
great game spirit. He also wants to
win the Gold Medal.

36. 35

Tournaments
Kho Kho World Cup
The Kho Kho World Cup is an
international kho kho tournament. It is
sanctioned by the Kho Kho Federation
of India and International Kho Kho
Federation.
Ultimate Kho Kho
Ultimate Kho Kho (UKK) is
an Indian franchise
based kho-kho league started in
2022. It is hosted by the Kho Kho
Federation of India. The inaugural
season had a viewership of 64 million,
41 million of which came from
India, making UKK the third-most
viewed non-cricket sport tournament
in India after the Pro Kabaddi
League and the Indian Super League.

37. 36

Some other tournaments
 Nehru Gold Cup
 National Kho-Kho Championship
 Inter University Cup

38. 37

Awards
Kho Kho players receive different
awards for their dedication towards
the game and their outstanding
performance throughout their career.
Some of these awards are as follows:
Janaki Award
The Janaki Award is given to girl
players under 18 as a testimony to
their outstanding performance in the
game.
Veer Abhimanyu Award
Kho Kho boy players under the age of
18 are given the Veer Abhimanyu
award for their extraordinary
performance in this traditional game.

39. 38

Arjuna
Award
The Ministry of
Youth Affairs
and Sports
(Government
of India) recognise players and award
them with the Arjuna Award for their
outstanding achievement in Kho Kho
national sports. The award also
includes Rs. 500,000 with a scroll and a
bronze statue of Arjuna.
Eklavya Award for men
The Government of Karnataka awards
this medal to the man who performs
with enthusiasm and passion. Adarsha
C P received the Eklavya award for his
dedication towards Kho Kho in the
year 2008.

40. 39

Rani Laxmi Bai award for women
The award includes prize money of
100,000 for exceptional performance
by women in Kho Kho game.
Dronacharya Award
The award is for coaches who show
excellent performance in teaching the
tactics of the game to the players. The
Dronacharya Kho Kho game award
includes a cash prize of Rs. 7,00,000, a
scroll of honour and a bronze statue of
Dronacharya. Gopal Purushottam
Phadke received the award in the
year 2000 for his excellent service.

41. 40

Chhatrapat Shivaji Kho Kho
Awards
The Chhatrapati Shivaji award
includes the trophy and a Rs. 25000
cash with a blazer and a citation. The
state government of Maharashtra
gives this award.

42. Bibliography
https://www.ultimatekhokho.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho_kho
https://khokhoskills.com/kho-kho-
tournaments/