Physical preparation

Physical preparation for surgery

1. physical
preparation

2. INTRODUCTION
•Preoperative care is the preparation and
management of a patient prior to surgery.
••Physical preparation involves procedures that are
physically implemented based on the nature of
expected operations as well as thr findings of the
diagnostic workup and preoperative evaluation

3. OBJECTIVES
•»To prevent infection
•»To reduce the patient's surgical morbidity or
mortality
•»To return him to desirable functioning as quickly as
possible
•»To prepare the patient for procedure

4. COMPONENTS
•Skin preparation
•Site preparation
•Removal of jewellery
•Removal of prosthestics
•Wound Care
•Transferring of patient

5. SKIN PREPARATION

6. SKIN PREPARATION
•Provide comfort and privacy during procedure
•It helps in the prevention of surgical wound
infection
•Skin preparation consists of bath, nail care, hair
care,removal of hair

7. BATH
•Take bath using chlorhexidine solution before one or two days of
surgery
•Special care should given to the site
•Take bath the night before or in the morning of the
• surgery
•Make the patient wear the sterile surgical gown

8. NAILCARE
•Cut short the nails of patient to prevent the harbouring of
microorganisms
•Remove any artificial nail present.
•Remove nail polish.

9. HAIR CARE
•Wash hair with shampoo.
•Dry it using towel.
•Braid the hair to both sides
•Cover hair using caps
•Instruct the patient to avoid using hair sprays, gels etc
•Donot wear wigs

10. HAIR REMOVAL
•METHODS OF HAIR REMOVAL
•»Razor shaving

11. •Clipper method

12. •Depilatory creams

13. SITE PREPARATION

14. UPPER PART OF BODY
•SHOULDER PREPARATION
•»Fingertip to hairline
•»Midline chest to midline spine
•»Axilla to iliac crest

15. •UPPER ARM PREPARATION
•»Fingertips to neckline
•»Axilla to iliac crest

16. •HAND PREPARATION
•»Fingertips to shoulder

17. •FOREARM AND ELBOW
•»From fingernails to shoulder
• including axilla

18. •THYROID PREPARATION
•»Chin lines to nipples
•including axilla
•»Back of neck and shoulder

19. •PARATHYROID PREPARATION
•»Chin line to umbilicus
•»Shoulder to shoulder infront
•and back
•»Back of neck

20. •THORACOTOMY
•»Chin line to iliac crest
•»Two inches beyond the midline
• of back

21. •MASTECTOMY PREPARATION
•»Chinline to iliac crest
•»Midline of back
•»Axilla to elbow

22. •ABDOMINAL PREPARATION
•»Three inches above nipple
•to upper thigh

23. •SPINE PREPARATION
•»Entire back

24. REMOVAL OF JEWELLERY

25. REMOVAL OF JEWELLERY
• To prevent to infection and inflammation,Jewelleries should be
removed before surgery
•»Wedding ring need to taped if it is not able to remove
•»All mouth, tongue, nasal and facial jewellery must be removed
•»Removed jewellery should be given to the family members, or
labelled and locked in the hospital safe
•»

26. REMOVAL OF PROSTHETIC DEVICES

27. Removal of prosthetic devices
•Prosthetic devices are designed to replace a missing
part of the body or to make a part orfunction of a
body part.
•It includes dentures, artificial limbs, contact lenses,
hearing aids etc.

28. •DENTURES
•»To prevent aspiration
•»To prevent obstruction of airway
•»To preventdamage

29. •ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
•»To prevent infection.

30. •CONTACT LENSES
•»To prevent eye injury
•»To prevent damage of lenses

31. •HEARING AIDS
•»To prevent damage
•»To prevent dislodgement while the patient is anesthetized

32. CARE OF WOUND

33. CARE OF WOUND
•»Helps absorb drainage and keep the skin from closing before the
wound underneath fills in
•»To provide a temporary protective physcial barrier
•»Surrounding area should be prept first. The open wound should
be packed with sterile gauze by using a gauze pad or soft cloth to
clean the skin around the wound. Using normal saline solution and
mild soapy water. Soak the gauze or cloth in the saline solution or
soapy water and gently dab or wipe the skin with it.

34. TRANSFERRING OF PATIENT

35. TRANSPORTING OF PATIENT
•It is the last step of physical preparation
•Client is transferred along with adequate assistance either with
stretcher or wheelchair.
•Provide stretcher lock with appropriate side rail.
•Provide appropriate clothing while transferring patient. And hand
over the medical record to the theatre nurse.

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