Physical sciences state of matter grade 10

The topic of "states of matter" encompasses the different forms in which matter can exist, each with distinct properties. The three primary states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, each characterized by its unique arrangement and behavior of particles.

Solids have a fixed shape and volume. This rigidity is due to the particles, which are closely packed in a regular, orderly arrangement. These particles vibrate but do not move from their fixed positions, giving solids their definite shape and stability. An example of a solid is ice, where water molecules are arranged in a structured lattice.

Liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape. They take the shape of their container because their particles are close together but not in a fixed position; they can move around and slide past each other. This fluidity allows liquids, like water, to conform to the shape of any container they are in while maintaining a constant volume.

Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. Instead, they expand to fill the entire volume of their container. The particles in a gas are widely spaced and move rapidly and freely in all directions. This results in gases being compressible and capable of spreading out to occupy any available space. An example is oxygen, which fills the air in any environment.

1. Physical Sciences
States of matter

2. LESSON
OBJECTIVES
Define:
*Diffusion
* Melting point
* Freezing point
*Boiling point
Identify
* Solid phase
* Liquid phase
* Gas phase

3. DIFFUSION
•Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from a region
of low concentration to a region of high concentration.
•It is a result of the constant thermal motion of particles.
•As the temperature of the dispersing substance rises, so does the
rate of diffusion.
•In gases, diffusion is the fastest, whereas in solids, it is the
slowest.
•The diffusion of many particles is known as Brownian motion
•Brownian motion can also be seen as the random to and fro
movement of particles.

4. States and properties of matter
Matter exists in three states
STATE OF MATTER PROPERTIES OF STATE
1.Solid
definite volume and shape
Relatively rigid
2. Liquid definite volume but able to change
shape by flowing.
3. Gas Completely fills the container it's
contained in
no definite volume or shape.

5. PHASE CHANGE
•PHASE CHANGE IS THE CHANGE OF
MATTER FROM ONE PHASE TO
ANOTHER
•THIS IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE
ADDITION OR REMOVAL OF HEAT
•ADDITION OF HEAT CAUSES
MATTER TO GO FROM SOLID TO A
LIQUID AND EVENTUALLY A GAS
•REMOVAL OF HEAT(COOLING)
CAUSES MATTER TO GO FROM GAS
TO LIQUID AND EVENTUALLY SOLID
•PHASE CHANGE IS MADE
POSSIBLE BY THE
•BREAKAGE/SEPARATION OF
ATTRACTIVE FORCES

6. MELTING
•Melting is the phase where a matter changes from a
state of being solid into liquid when heat is applied
•The temperature where a solid starts changing into
liquid is known as the melting point

7. Freezing
•Freezing it’s the phase where matter changes from its liquid state to a state
of being solid when heat is removed.
•The temperature where liquid starts changing into a solid is known as the
freezing point

8. Boiling
•Boiling is the phase where matter changes its
state from being liquid into its gaseous phase
•The temperature in which a liquid changes to
become a gas is known as the boiling point

9. Condensation and sublimation
Condensation is the
phase where matter
goes from a state of
being gas directly into
liquid
Sublimation is the
phase where matter
goes from a state of
being solid directly to
being gas

10. THE END OF
THE DAY'S
LESSON
THE BEGINNING OF NEW KNOWLEDGE

11. REFERENCES
* States of Matter -Science World. (2022, November 22). Science World.
https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/states-matter/
* Siyavulaand volunteers. (). Everything Science grade 11. https://www.siyavula.com/book-
downloads/science/Gr11_PhysicalSciences_Learner_Eng.pdf
* GeeksforGeeks. (2021, November 20). Diffusion in Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
GeeksforGeeks. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/diffusion-in-solids-liquids-and-gases/
* FuseSchool-Global Education. (2017, December 18). Changes of State | Matter |
Physics | FuseSchool[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYU7RSoOZ0U
* FuseSchool-Global Education. (2013, May 30). What Is Brownian Motion? | Properties
of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m5JnJBq2AU