PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

FULLY CERTIFIED AND A KNOWLEDGE GROWING PROJECT TO DO

1. RMK SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
THIRUVERKADU, CHENNAI-77
2017-2018






Project submitted to the Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE) in partial fulfilment
for the requirement of All India Senior School
Certificate Examination (AISSCE) 2017-‘18,
Department of Physics .

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
BY
NAME:________________________
REG.NO:______________________

GUIDED BY
Mr. J Mariappan

2. RMK SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
THIRUVERKADU, CHENNAI-77
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified to be the bonafide record of the project work done
by____________________ REG.NO:-______________of Class
XII in senior physics laboratory during the academic year
2017-2018.



Teacher In-Charge

Submitted for All India Senior Secondary Practical --
Physics Examination held on ___________.



INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER



DATE_______________ SIGNATURE OF THE
PRINCIPAL

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is customary for me to acknowledge the
contributions and suggestions received from various
sources.
First of all I would like to thank god almighty for giving
me wisdom and knowledge to showcase my talent.
I am very thankful to our Principal Mrs. Indira Rangan
for giving me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project.
I wish to acknowledge the tremendous amount of help
received from my Physics teacher Mr.Mariappan,
without whose help and encouragement it would not
have been possible for me to complete this project.
I wish to express my gratitude to all non-teaching staff
who helped me to complete my project.
Whatever words I choose cannot sufficiently express
my deep sense of gratitude towards my parents for
their constant understanding, assistance, inspiration
and moral support in completing this project.
I would also like to acknowledge my thanks to my
friends for their valuable suggestions and timely help.

4. WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

5. INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION
2. AIM
3. APPARATUS REQUIRED
4. NEED FOR WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6. THEORY
7. WORKING PRINCIPLE
8. ADVANTAGES
9. APPLICATIONS
10. PROJECT IMAGES
11. CONCLUSION
12. PRECAUTIONS
13. PROJECT IMAGES
14. SOURCES OF ERROR

6. 15.BIBLIOGRAPHY

7. INTRODUCTION

The Water level indicator uses a
simple mechanism to detect and
indicate the water level in an overhead
tank or any water container. Sensing is
done using 2 Probes placed at 2
different levels on tank or container
walls. Level 2 to at topmost end and
Level 1 at empty or lowest position.

8. AIM

To study about the working of
Water level indicator using Light
emitting diode(LED), transistor,
resistor.

9. APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. TRANSISTORS
2. RESISTORS
3. LED’s-LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
4. BUZZER
5. 9 V BATTERY
6. CONNECTING WIRES
7. BREADBOARD
8. BATTERY CAP

10. NEED FOR WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR
1. To overcome the problem of
overflow of water.
2. Sustainable use of water and
electrical energy.
3. Gives us attention and
observation.
4. Easy installation at low cost.
5. Easy maintanence.

11. THEORY

RESISTANCE
The electrical resistance of an electrical
conductor is a measure of difficulty to pass an
electric current through the conductor. The
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, the
ease with which an electric current passes.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE – LED
A light emitting diode is two lead semiconductor
light source. It is a pn-junction diode, which emits
light when activated. When suitable voltage is
applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within device,
releasing energy in the form of photons.
TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical
power. It is composed of semiconductor to an
external circuit.

12. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The operation of the project is easy to
understand.
The project contains some main conditions:
1. When there is no water available in the
tank.
2. Initial level , when water starts to fill.
3. When the water is about to overflow.
4. When we pour water into the bowl, as it
touches Wire 1 at lower level circuit gets
completed and current starts to flow where
the first LED L1 starts to glow.
5. On continuous, addition of water it reaches
Wire 2.
6. As it reaches Wire 2 the maximum level,
buzzer starts beeping and LED L2 glows.
7. This gives us an indication that the water
has reached the maximum level so that , we
can stop the supply of water.

13. ADVANTAGES

1. Easily indicates when water level
is full with a beep sound.
2. Low maintanence.
3. Compact and elegant design.
4. Now no need of checking water
level from the roof.
5. Ensures no overflows or empty
running of pump.
6. Fully automatic, which does not
require human power.
7. Electricity consumed is very low.

14. APPLICATIONS
1. Water level indicator is used in
applications like storage tanks,
boilers to indicate the level of
water.
2. Can be used to measure
underground storage of water.
3. Used to calculate the incoming
and outgoing water level in
reservoirs.
4. Fuel level indicator in vehicles.
5. Liquid level indicator in huge
containers in companies.

15. CONCLUSION

Therefore by using this simple
arrangement we can save wastage of
water and electricity. By using this
circuit we can use the problems in an
efficient way.

16. PRECAUTIONS
1. Make sure that connections are neat
and clean.
2. Current must not be directly supplied
to the LED .

17. PROJECT IMAGES
COMPLETED CIRCUIT

BEFORE WATER IS ADDED

18. WHEN WATER IS ADDED
(AT LOWEST LEVEL)

WHEN WATER IS FULL

19. SOURCES OF ERROR
1.Connections may not be proper.
2.LED or Transistor may be damaged.

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. INTERNET
2. NCERT TEXT BOOK