Physiology of pregnancy for nursing stu.pptx

This is part of obstetrics course

1. Physiological changes during pregnancy October 2024 1

2. Physiological changes in female reproductive system Changes in the uterus In height (top to bottom) from 7.5 to 30 cm In width (side to side) from 5 to 23 cm In depth (front to back) from 2.5 to 20 cm. Changes in posture and joints Lordosis (fetus, the enlarged uterus, the placenta and the amniotic fluid) Changes in weight About 2.0 kg in total in the first 20 weeks Then approximately 0.5 kg per week until full term at 40 weeks A total of 9 -12 kg during the pregnancy. 2

3. Changes in the cardiovascular system Heart Increase in size The heart rate is about 15 beats per minute higher in the pregnant woman Stroke volume== 7 milliliters (ml) per heart beat in the pregnant woman. Woman’s condition Cardiac output (litres per minute) non-pregnant, resting 2.5 end of 1st trimester 5 end of 2nd trimester 6 full-term 7 3

4. Blood volume Increases gradually by 30-50 % Full term about 1.5 liters more blood than before the pregnancy volume of blood plasma increases by 50% after second trimester Volume of red cells increases by 18% ………if iron supplemented …….30%. Respiratory changes The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs increases by 50% due to each breath contains a larger volume of air 4

5. Changes in the urinary system Glomerular filtration rate increases by 40% to 50% Pregnancy is a vasodilated state mediated by alterations in sensitivity to angiotensin II and elevated levels of progesterone. 5

6. Changes in the skin Linea nigra ………5 months Mask of pregnancy (chloasma) Stretch marks Sweat glands 6

7. Changes in the breasts Growth and enlargement Tenderness and hypersensitivity Darkening of nipples and areolas Colostrum starts at 16 weeks 7

8. Minor disorder during pregnancy 8

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