Pigments ppt.

pigments is rarely described properly in the ppts .. Here is the proper and to the point descriptions in this ppt.

1. TOPIC - PIGMENTS (PAPER- 4 –BIOMOLECULES ) GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY : Ms. EMMA ANJALI MINJ V.SUKIRTI M.Sc.I -SEMESTER BIOTECHNOLOGY 1 ST. THOMAS COLLEGE RUABANDHA YEAR-2016-17

2. P I G M E N T S 2

3. A material that changes the colour of reflected or transmitted light as a result of wavelength selective absorption. Must have high tinting strength. They appear the colours they are –selectively reflect and absorb certain wavelengths of visible light. Non permanent pigments – fugative pigments . 3 INTRODUCTION

4. A biological pigment is any coloured material of plant or animal cell. Pigmentation in organisms serves biological purposes- Mimicry Aposematism (warning) Protection from sunburn etc. Pigment colour is same for all viewing angles. Structural colour – result of selective reflection. eg- Butterfly’s wings. 4 BIOLOGICAL PIGMENTS

5. METAL BASED PIGMENTS :- Cadmium pigments - cadmium yellow , cadmium red etc. Chromium pigments- chrome yellow and chrome green. Cobalt pigments, copper pigments , lead , mercury etc . 5 PIGMENTS BY ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION

6. INORGANIC PIGMENTS – Carbon pigments – carbon black , ivory black etc. Clay earth pigments , ultramarine pigments etc. BIOLOGICAL AND ORGANIC – Biological origins- alizarin, indigo etc. Non biological organic – magenta, pigment red 170. 6

7. Primary function – photosynthesis which uses chlorophyll (green pigment) along with red and yellow pigments to capture light energy. Principle pigments are – CHLOROPHYLL –primary pigment , is a chlorin –absorbs yellow and blue and reflects green. Two forms – chlorophyll A and B . 7 PIGMENTS IN PLANTS

8. 8 CHLOROPHYLL & ANTHOCYANINS

9. CAROTENOIDS - are red, orange or yellow tetraterpenoids. Function in light harvesting . Serve as precursors Lutein is yellow pigment found in fruits and vegetables Lycopene - tomatoes ANTHOCYANINS - (flower blue) , water soluble flavonoid pigments appear red to blue . Occur in tissues( stem , roots , flowers etc) 9

10. PIGMENTATION –used for protection (chromatophores). Used for signalling between animals. Example : cephalopods ( to communicate). Melanin – skin pigment (protect from sun burn ) 10 PIGMENTS IN ANIMALS

11. CAROTENOIDS CAROTENOPROTEINS TETRAPYRROLES MELANIN CHROMATOPHORES 11 PIGMENTS IN MARINE ANIMALS

12. 12 MELANIN & TETRAPYRROLE

13. ALBINISM - inherited disorder by total or partial loss of melanin. LAMELLAR ICHTHYOSIS- fish scale disease , excess production of melanin. MELASMA - dark brown patches of pigment appear on the face. 13 DISEASES : -

14. Pigments may be extracted and used as dyes. Pigments (such as astaxanthin and lycopene ) are used as dietary supplements . 14 USES :-

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16. J.L. JAIN,SUNJAY JAIN,NITIN JAIN-FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY,S-CHAND AND COMPANY Ltd. , 2005,Pg-1018-1019 https;//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ biological_pigment En.wikipedia.org/wiki/pigment www.journals.elsevier.com 16 REFRENCES

17. THANK YOU . 17