Plagiarism (ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd1).pptx

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1. PLAGIARISM Adithyan M C

2. Plagiarism: Nature, Levels, and Penalties Plagiarism is a serious academic offense that involves the unauthorized use of another person's work without proper attribution. It encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from direct copying to paraphrasing without citing sources. This presentation aims to delve into the nature of plagiarism, its various levels, and the potential consequences that may arise from engaging in this unethical practice .

3. Understanding Plagiarism Plagiarism essentially means presenting someone else's work as your own. It can take many forms, from copying and pasting entire passages to paraphrasing without proper acknowledgment. Understanding plagiarism goes beyond simply avoiding copying. It involves recognizing the importance of originality, respecting intellectual property rights, and acknowledging the contributions of others. 1 Misrepresenting Ideas Using someone else's thoughts or ideas without giving them credit. This includes borrowing from articles, websites, books, or other sources without proper attribution. 2 Borrowing Language Copying or paraphrasing passages from other sources without using quotation marks or citing the source. This applies to both written and spoken materials. 3 Submitting Others' Work Presenting a paper, project, or assignment that is not your own as if it were. This can involve buying a paper online, asking someone to write it for you, or submitting someone else's work without their permission.

4. Types of Plagiarism Plagiarism can be categorized into different types based on the extent and nature of the unauthorized use of another person's work. Some common types include: Direct Plagiarism Copying text verbatim from a source without using quotation marks or citing the source. Mosaic Plagiarism Taking chunks of text from different sources and piecing them together without proper citation. This often involves using phrases or sentences from multiple sources without acknowledging their origins. Paraphrasing Plagiarism Restating someone else's ideas in your own words without acknowledging the source. Even if the words are different, plagiarism still occurs if the original ideas are not attributed to the source.

5. Levels of Plagiarism Plagiarism exists on a spectrum, with varying levels of severity. The level of plagiarism is determined by the extent of the unauthorized use of another person's work and the intent behind it. These levels are not always distinct and can overlap. It is crucial to understand the nuances of each level to effectively address plagiarism. 1 Level 1: Accidental Plagiarism This involves unintentional copying of a source due to carelessness or lack of understanding of proper citation practices. The intent is usually not to deceive. 2 Level 2: Intentional Plagiarism This involves knowingly and deliberately using someone else's work without proper attribution. The intent is to deceive and gain unfair advantage. 3 Level 3: Global Plagiarism This involves submitting a paper, project, or assignment that is entirely plagiarized from another source. The entire work is essentially stolen without any original contribution from the student.

6. Consequences and Penalties Plagiarism can have serious consequences, ranging from academic penalties to legal repercussions. The severity of the consequences often depends on the level of plagiarism, the institution's policies, and the context in which it occurred. Academic Consequences Failing Grade Suspension Expulsion Professional Consequences Retraction of Publication Loss of Job Damage to Reputation Legal Consequences Copyright Infringement Lawsuit Criminal Charges (in some cases) Financial Penalties

7. Authorship and Contributorship In academic and professional settings, authorship and contributorship are crucial concepts. Authorship refers to the recognition given to individuals who have made significant contributions to a piece of work. Contributorship, on the other hand, encompasses all the individuals who have contributed in any way to the creation of the work, regardless of whether they are considered authors. Authorship Authors are individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the work and take responsibility for its content. Contributorship Contributors are individuals who have played a role in the creation of the work, even if they are not considered authors. These contributions can include data collection, analysis, writing, editing, or providing technical expertise. Collaboration Collaboration is often essential in research and scholarly endeavors. It is important to establish clear guidelines for authorship and contributorship to ensure fairness and transparency in recognizing the contributions of all involved individuals.

8. Defining Authorship Defining authorship can be a complex process, especially in collaborative endeavors. It is essential to establish clear criteria for authorship to ensure that only those who have made substantial contributions are recognized. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) provides a set of guidelines for authorship, which are widely accepted in academic publications . Substantial Contributions Authors must have made significant intellectual contributions to the work, including the conception, design, analysis, or interpretation of the data. Drafting and Revising Authors must have been involved in drafting or revising the work and have approved the final version submitted for publication. Responsibility for the Work Authors must take responsibility for the integrity of the work and agree to be accountable for its content.

9. Establishing Contributorship Establishing contributorship involves documenting the contributions of all individuals involved in the project. This documentation is crucial for recognizing the efforts of each member of the team and for ensuring transparency in the attribution of credit. It is essential to have a clear and comprehensive record of contributions, regardless of whether they are considered authorship level. Documenting Contributions Maintain a detailed record of each individual's contributions throughout the project. Recognizing Contributions Acknowledge the contributions of all individuals involved in the project, both authors and contributors . Transparency and Fairness Ensure transparency in the recognition of contributions and strive for fairness in the distribution of credit.

10. Authorship Disputes Authorship disputes can arise when there is a disagreement about who should be credited for a piece of work. These disputes can be complex and emotionally charged, and they often involve allegations of plagiarism or unfair attribution. When handling authorship disputes, it is essential to be fair, objective, and transparent. Communication and Resolution Encourage open communication and attempt to reach a mutually agreeable resolution. Mediation or Arbitration If resolution cannot be reached through communication, consider involving a third party mediator or arbitrator to facilitate the process. Institutional Policies Familiarize yourself with the institutional policies and procedures for handling authorship disputes.

11. Conflicts of Interest A conflict of interest occurs when an individual's personal interests could potentially influence their professional judgment or actions. In research and scholarly endeavors, conflicts of interest can undermine the integrity of the work and compromise its objectivity. It is essential to be aware of potential conflicts of interest and to disclose them transparently to maintain trust and ensure ethical conduct . 1 Financial Interests Receiving funding from a company or organization that may benefit from the research findings. 2 Personal Relationships Having close personal ties to individuals involved in the research project. 3 Professional Affiliations Being affiliated with an organization that may have a vested interest in the research findings. 4 Competing Interests Having competing research interests that could bias the interpretation of the findings.

12. Thank You!