Planning-and-Evaluation-in-Public-Health-Dentistry

it is about the planning and evaluation from public health dentistry

1. Planning and Evaluation in Public Health Dentistry Presented by : Shafiya Patel Guided by :Dr. Ashwini Biradar

2. contents What is Planning in Public Health Dentistry? Uses of Planning Types of Health Planning Steps in the Planning Process References

3. What is Planning in Public Health Dentistry? Drawing from E.C. Banfield's definition, planning is the deliberate decision-making process that charts a course of action . Jong defined planning as "a plan is a systemic approach to defining the problem, setting priorities, developing specific goals and objectives and determining alternative Strategies and methods of implementation learning results in the formulation of a plan." Problem Definition Clearly identifying the oral health challenges. Goal Setting Establishing measurable and achievable outcomes. Strategy Development Crafting effective approaches to reach goals.

4. Uses of Planning To match limited resources with many problems To eliminate waste full expenditure or duplication expenditure To develop the best course of action to accomplish defined objective

5. Types of Health Planning Given by Spiegel and Associates in 1978 1 Problem solving planning 2 Program planning 3 Coordination of efforts and activity planning 4 Planning for the allocation of resources it involve selecting the best alternator to achieve a desired goal when the amount of resources is limited

6. Steps in the Planning Process

7. Stages of Planning: A Comprehensive Approach Effective public health dentistry planning follows a structured, multi-stage process to ensure thoroughness and impact . 1 Identifying the Problems 2 Determining the priorities 3 Development of Program Goals, Objectives and Activities 4 Resource Identification 5 Identifying the Constraints 6 Identify Alternative Strategies 7 Develop Implementation Strategy 8 Implementation 9 Monitoring 10 Evaluation

8. 1. Identifying the Problems Conducting a needs assessment is crucial for effective planning. " Needs is defined as deficiency in health that call for preventive, curative, and eradication of measures." — WHO in 1971

9. The reasons for conducting a needs assessment are To ascertain the cause of the problem To identify the extent and severity of a problem To evaluate the effectiveness of a program by obtaining baseline information and measuring the amount of progress achieved in solving the specific problem The information required include Number of individuals in the population geographic distribution in the population the rate of growth population density and the degree of urbanization ethnic background diet and nutritional levels standard of living healthcare facilities available public and private school system general health profile patterns and distribution of dental disease history and current status of dental programs fluoride content of water " Once the needs has been assessed the information should be analyzed before the priorities are determined "

10. 2. Determining Priorities Priority determination is a method of imposing people's values and judgment of what is important onto the raw data. With limited resources, it becomes necessary to establish priorities so as to allow the most efficient allocation of resources . If priorities are not determined, the program may not serve those individuals or groups who need the care most. When setting priorities for a community, the planner must ask: How serious is the problem? What percent of the population is affected by it?

11. High Risk Priorities Groups Pre School and School age children mentally and physically challenged persons chronically in a medically compromised persons elderly persons expected mothers low-income minority groups (rural or urban)

12. Development of program goals objectives and activities Program goals are broad statements on the overall purpose of the program to meet a define problem Program objectives and more specific and describe in a measurable and the desired and result of program activities

13. Objectives should have What: the nature of the situation or condition to be attend Extend: the scope and magnitude of the situation or condition to be attend who: the particular group a portion of the environment in which attainment is desired where: the geographic area of the program when :the date and day of the desired situation or condition intended to exist

14. Program activities includes three components to bring out the desired outcomes what is it going to be who will be doing it when will be it done

15. Resource identification the term resources employees the manpower money materials skills knowledge techniques and time needed or available for the performance or support of action directed towards specified objectives the criteria used to determine word resources should be used as appropriateness: the most suitable resources to get the job done Adequacy: the extend your degree to which resources would complete the job effectiveness : how can we will the resources at at completing the job or full filling the objective efficiency: the cost in terms of money and the amount of time expanded to complete the job

16. Identifying constraints Identification of the constraints should be done at early stages of planning procedure so that one can modify the design and 2. create a more practical and elastic plan

17. constraints can be results of attitude of professional organizations lack of funding restrictive recommended policies inadequate transportation services labour shortages and population's socioeconomic characteristics One of the best ways to identify constraints is to bring together a group of concern citizen to get a home might be involved in or will be affected by the project a group that a similar to local politics and structure cannot only identify the constraints by also provide with alternative solutions and strategic to meeting the goals

18. Identify Alternative Strategies it is needed to how multiple alternative strategy so that out of the number at least one may be considered acceptable the number alternatives should be at hand Presence of existence constraints and resources alternative strategies help achieve the objectives

19. The alternative strategies will help decide the most suitable plan individually or in combination the preventive measures considered should be cost effective as well as practical to implement the planner wooden choose the measures that has been interest and alternatives

20. Developing an Implementation Strategy An implementation strategy for each activity is complete when the following questions have been answered: Why: The effect or objective to be achieved. What: The activities required to achieve the objective. Whom: Individual responsible for each activity. When: Logical sequence of activities. How: Materials, media, methods, and techniques to be used. How much: A cost estimate for materials, tools, and time. To develop an implementation strategy manuals must know what specific activity day want to do the most effective matter is to work backward to identify the event that must occur before initiated initiate thing the activity

21. Implementation The process of putting the plan into action is called implementation. The process involves individuals, organizations, and the community. Only through teamwork between individuals and the surrounding environment can implementation be successful.

22. Pilot Phase whose development work on trial or error basis Control Phase where the model of program is done under regulated conditions to judge the effectiveness Actualization Phase where the model of programming subject to elastic operating condition Operational Phase program is ongoing part of the structure

23. Rules for implementation specify clearly the activity Be sure someone is responsible for the whole activity and quadrant with people who will carry out different tasks identify all preparatory steps before doing that activity list steps in order in which they will be occur check for missing steps Determine when each step should be begin and end consulted organizations affected by the activities potential problems etc specify the resources and their source specify what constraints must be addressed make sure all people involve know that they are expected of and when

24. Monitoring Monitoring refers to the maintenance of an ongoing watch over the activities of an healthy service monitoring is not only about watching but also using the observation as basis of continual modifications of the goals plans and aims Program Monitoring Data Output data services or goods provided as the proportion of target population served Input data financial budgetary reports personal available transport records equipment and supplies purchased process data specific activities carried out in completing the program the sequence in which they will be carried out and their timing

25. References Soben peter- Essentials of Public Health Dentistry (community dentistry) 6th edition Organization. (2016). Oral health surveys: Basic methods (5th ed.). WHO Press. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Healthy People 2030 . Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (2019). Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Community Dental Health Journal.

26. Thank You For your time and attention. We appreciate your engagement and interest in public health dentistry planning and evaluation.