Planning concept of Chandigarh city.

Planning concept of Chandigarh city.

1. PLANNING CONCEPT OF CHANDIGARH CITY MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY JAMSHORO

2. INTRODUCTION Chandigarh is India's first planned city, quite distinct from the rest of the country and considerably better organized. It is the capital of both Haryana and Punjab, but the city itself is not part of either state, being a union territory, i.e. administered directly by the Central government. Chandigarh- the city beautiful is in india designed by famous french architect, LE CARBUSIER is known as for its unique architecture and well planned landscaping. It drives its name from a temples “Chandi Mandir” located in the vicinity of the site selected for the city. Its is a modern city housing the capital of two state punjab and Haryana and the seats of “Union Territory” Admiinistration. Chandigarh is located near the foothills of the Shivalikh range of the Himalayas in Northwest India.. It covers an area of approximetly 44 sq mi or 144 km2 and shares it borders with the states of Haryana in the east and punjab in the North,west and south. Population: 808,515(2001) UNdata Location Location: North India Latitude: 30 44’14N Longitude: 76 47’14E Area: 114 sq km Altitude: 321 meters above sea level The whole city has been divided into rectangular pattterrn,Forming identical looking sector, each sector measures 800m x 1200m

3. Basic planning cocept The city plan was conceived as post war ‘Garden City’ wherein vertical and high rise buildings were ruled out, keeping in view the living habits of the people. Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly defined H ead (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1), Heart (the City Centre Sector-17), Lungs (the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens), Intellect (the cultural and educational institutions), Circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and Viscera (the Industrial Area ). CHANDIGARH PLANNING WAS DONE IN AN MANNER THAT EVERYTHING WAS EASILY CLEAR ABOUT THE ROUTES AND SECTORS 7 V’S ROAD SYSTEM IS USED

4. Layout of a typical residential sector View of typical Roads and Round-abouts in the city The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a neighborhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200 meters. Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centers and places of recreations and worship. The population of a sector varies between 3000 and 20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area.

5. HUMAN SCALE : The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale. It puts us in touch with the infinite cosmos and nature. It provides us with places and buildings for all human activities by which the citizens can live a full and harmonious life. Here the radiance of nature and heart are within our reach. SECTORS : This city is composed of sectors. Each sector is 800 meters by 1,200 meters, enclosed by roads allocated to fast mechanized transport and sealed to direct access from the houses. Each sector caters to the daily needs of its inhabitants, which vary from 5,000 to 25,000 and has a green strip oriented longitudinally stretching centrally along the sector in the direction of the mountains. The green strip should stay uninterrupted and accommodate schools, sports fields, walks and recreational facilities for the sector. Vehicular traffic is completely forbidden in the green strips, where tranquility shall reign and the curse of noise shall not penetrate.

6. ROADS : The roads of the city are classified into seven categories, Known as the system of 7 V s, as below: V -1 - Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns; V-2 -arterial roads. V-3 --Fast vehicular roads; V -4 -Meandering shopping streets; V -5 -Sector circulation roads; V -6 -Access roads to houses; V -7 -footpaths and cycle tracks Buses will ply only on V-I, V-2, V-3 and V-4 roads. A wall shall seal the V-3 roads from the sectors.

7. AREAS OF SPECIAL ARCHITECTRUAL INTEREST Certain areas of Chandigarh are of special architectural interest. Where harmonized and unified construction of buildings is aimed at, absolute architectural and zoning control should remain operative. Along V -2 central, dual carriageways Madhya Marg and Uttar Marg, where skyline, heights, character and architecture of buildings as planned shall not be altered. No building shall be constructed north of the Capitol Complex. Along V -2 beyond dual carriageway areas are reserved for cultural institutions only and shall never have any residential buildings.

8. CITY CENTRE : The centraI plaza in Sector 17 was designed by Le Corbusier as "Pedestrian's Paradise ". No vehicular traffic will be permitted in the plaza. This zone is for the heart in the scheme lecorbusiano Located at the conjunction of two major roads V2 is divided into two areas: the southern area designated for the administration and the north for civic functions. The distribution of segregated pedestrian vehicular traffic. The mixed-use bars in the central area are composed of a series of concrete blocks of 4 levels, arranged along pedestrian paths converging 4 in a square or Chowk where are the civic and commercial buildings in the most important treatment landscape are the pools designed by M. Sharman and the trees in summer months is essential. INDUSTRIAL AREA Only such industry as is powered by electricity would be permitted in the Industrial Area, so that atmosphere is saved from pollution LANDSCAPING The landscaping of this city is based on careful observation of the vegetation of India . Selected ornamental trees, shrubs and climbers have been planted according to color schemes to beautify it. In future planting and replacements, these principles must be kept in view. There should be no haphazard replacements, so that the avenues retain their harmony and beauty. The Leisure V alley, the Rajendra Park and other parks shall be developed as parks only and no building other than already planned shall be permitted

9. Housing : Lower category residential building are governed by a mechanism known as "frame control" to control their facades. This fixes the building line and the use of building materials. Certain standard Sizes of doors and windows are specified and all the gates and boundary walls must conform to standard design. This particularly applies to houses built on small plots of 250 square meters or less. While they are allowed certain individuality, the idea is to ensure that the view from the street, which belongs to the community, is one of order and discipline. All buildings along the major axes of the city are brought under architectural control. A person building a house in Chandigarh must employ a qualified architect and the design is submitted to the Chief Architect for approval. Particular scrutiny was 'applied to residential buildings constructed along Uttar Marg (the northernmost avenue of the city at the very foot of the mountains), those abutting on Leisure Valley and along certain V-3 roads

10. Commercial buildings All buildings located In the City Center and commercial or Institutional buildings to architectural controls. The systems of the City Center is based on a grid of columns, fixed 5.26 meters, shuttering pattern on concrete and a system of glazing or screen walls behind the line of column. The interior planning is left to the owners, and in the exterior, certain variations are permitted to give variety to the architectural composition. Along the V-2 roads, other types of treatments have been evolved for facades. All commercial buildings and all buildings constructed along the V-4 roads in other sectors are also under strict control. For shops, complete designs have been provided from the inception of the city.