PLANT ECOLOGY

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1. PLANT ECOLOGY AND IT’S EFFECT Presented By Avishek Das Roll No- 08 M.Sc (2 nd Semester)

2. The term "ecology" was first used by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1886. Ecology  (from Greek word ”Oikos”, "house" or "living relations"; “Logos”, "study of")  is the branch of biology. Ecology is the scientific study of the distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Ecology includes the study of plant and animal populations, plant and animal communities and ecosystem. Ecology can also be classified ----------- The primary kinds of organism under study is two type of Ecology , e.g. 1. Animal Ecology, 2. Plant Ecology Animal Ecology Plant Ecology IMPORTANCE OF ECOLOGY 1. It helps in environmental conservation 2. Enhances energy conservation 4. Promotes eco-friendliness 5. Aids in disease and pest control WHAT IS ECOLOGY AND IT’S IMPORTANCE

3. Plant ecology has its origin in the application of Plant Physiology. Carl Ludwiq Willdenow was one of the first to note that similar climates produced similar types of vegetation, even when they were located in different parts of the world. Willdenow's student , Alexander von Humboldt, used physiognomy to describe vegetation types and observed that the distribution vegetation types was based on environmental factors. Plant ecology developed within the wider discipline of ecology over the twentieth century. among them William S. Cooper , E. Lucy Braun ect . BACKGROUND OF PLANT ECOLOGY

4. Plant ecology  is a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants, and the interactions among and between plants and other organisms. WHAT IS PLANT ECOLOGY?

5. World biomes are based upon the type of dominant plant. Plant distributions is governed by a combination of historical factors, ecophysiology and biotic interactions. Plant communities are broadly distributed into biomes based on the form of the dominant plant species. For example, grasslands are dominated by grasses, while forests are dominated by trees. Biomes are determined by regional climates, mostly temperature and precipitation, and follow general latitudinal trends. DISTRIBUTION

6. IMPORTANCE OF PLANT ECOLOGY Plants supply food to nearly all terrestrial organisms, including humans. We eat either plants or other organisms that eat plants. Plants maintain the atmosphere. They produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide during  photosynthesis . Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms. It also maintains the ozone layer that helps protect Earth’s life from damaging UV radiation. Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere reduces the greenhouse effect and global warming . Plants recycle matter in biogeochemical cycles . For example, through  transpiration , plants move enormous amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere. Plants such as peas host bacteria that fix nitrogen. This makes nitrogen available to all plants, which pass it on to consumers. Plants provide many products for human use , such as firewood, timber, fibers , medicines, dyes, pesticides, oils, and rubber. Plants create habitats for many organisms . A single tree may provide food and shelter to many species of insects, small animals, birds, etc.

7. EFFECTS OF PLANT ECOLOGY Two types of effect of plant ecology. They are in below- PHYSICAL EFFECT Light Temperature Rainfall and Water Air 1. Positive Effect 2. Negative Effect NEGATIVE EFFECT

8. HUMAN FACTOR Acid rain The thinning ozone Global warming Deforestation

9. POSITIVE EFFECT How do plants affect the environment 1.Photosynthesis 2.Trophic levels 3.Plants help make and preserve soil 4.Other Environmental issues Forestry is another industry which is hurting plants and food chains all over the planet. In the Congo, thousands of acres of rainforest are being cut down every year to produce paper and paper products. This is greatly affecting the mountain Gorilla that use the forest as their homes. Climate change is also affecting plants on a large scale. Many plants in the world require a certain range of temperature and humidity to live. Photosynthesis Trophic levels

10. How do plants affect Human Life Plants Clean the Air Plants Are Our Food Plants Are Used For Medicine Plants Become Shelter

11. WEBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://www.cropsreview.com/climatic-factors.html

12. THANK YOU