Plant Incorporated Protectants(PIPs)

There has been much controversy on genetically modified crops. What exactly is Bacillus thuringenesis and how is it used in crops to produce gmos.

1. Genetic engineering in biopesticides : BT maize , Bt cotton Presented By: Richa Khatiwada 4/1/2018 1

2. 4/1/2018 2

3. INTRODUCTION Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s gene using rDNA technology. Biopesticide is biological or biologically derived agent used to control pests. Pests include any destructive insects, herbs, fungus or any other living organism. Genetically engineered plants are called GM crops. 4/1/2018 3

4. 4/1/2018 4

5. GE IN BIOPESTICIDES Before GE, seeds from plants resistant to pests were planted, several fold hybridization was done to produce pest resistant plants. Plant Incorporated Protectants(PIPs) are plants that have genes inserted such that they produce pesticides within their own tissues. PIPs is one of the three forms of biopesticides, which are said to be safer alternative to chemical pesticides. PIPs is a easy, quick, efficient and safe way to ward off harmful pests. 4/1/2018 5

6. BT TOXIN Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt ) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biopesticide . Many strains produce crystal protein(cry) , δ- endotoxins . 4/1/2018 6

7. Cry toxins have specific activities against insect species of the orders Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Diptera (flies and mosquitoes), Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) and against nematodes. So uesd as insecticides, and more recently to GM crops, like Bt corn. 4/1/2018 7

8. 4/1/2018 8

9. Bt MAIZE Genetically altered to express δ- endotoxins from Bt. Wards off European corn borer, corn ear worm and root worms, which causes more than 2 billion in damage to corn crops each year. 4/1/2018 9

10. 4/1/2018 10

11. 4/1/2018 11

12. 4/1/2018 12

13. Bt COTTON GMO version of cotton, resistant to bollworm. Approved for commercial use in USA in 1995, China in 1997, India in 2002. India grows the largest Bt cotton at 10.6 million hectare. 4/1/2018 13

14. 4/1/2018 14

15. 4/1/2018 15

16. 4/1/2018 16

17. 4/1/2018 17

18. ADVANTAGES OF Bt CROPS Less use of pesticides More Yield Cost Effective Protects neighbouring non-Bt crops as well 4/1/2018 18

19. DISADVANTAGES OF Bt CROPS Resistant insects Health and Safety concerns Environmental impacts 4/1/2018 19

20. 4/1/2018 20

21. THANK YOU 4/1/2018 21