Plant Pathology

Plant Pathology Introduction, Definition, History, DISEASE TRIANGLE

1. INTRODUCTION Plants however also gets sick, grow and exhibit various types of symptoms and sometimes whole plant die. It is not known whether diseased plant feel pain or discomfort. Any biotic or abiotic agents which induce the disease in plant is referred as the cause of diseases. The causative agents of disease in plants are pathogenic such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and nematodes and environmental conditions such as lack or excess of nutrients, moisture, light, etc to presence of toxic chemicals in Air or soil. PLANT PATHOLOGY

2. DEFINITION OF PLANT PATHOLOGY : The science that deals with the study of diseases of plants, their development and control is called Plant Pathology. 1.Microbiology: Study of Microorganisms 2. Bacteriology: Study of Bacteria 3. Virology: Study of Viruses 4. Mycology: Study of Fungi 5. Nematology : Study of Nematode 6. Protozology : Study of Protozoa 7. Phycology : Study of Algae.

3. Disease is malfunctioning process caused by continuous irritation, which results in some suffering producing symptoms. The plant disease is, therefore , a structural abnormality or physiological disorder or both due to an organism or unfavorable conditions that may affect the plant or its parts or products or may reduce their economic value. SYMPTOMS DEFINITION OF DISEASE :

4. Study the diseases (s) or disorders caused by biotic and abiotic agent.  Study of mechanism of disease development by pathogens. Study of interaction between plant and pathogen in relation to the overall environment.  Develop suitable management strategies for managing the diseases and losses caused by them. OBJECTIVE OF PLANT PATHOLOGY: NP K

5. Ancient era: Ancient to 5 th Century (476 A.D)  2. Dark era: 5 th to 16 th Century (476 A.D. to 1600) 3. Premodern era: 17 th Century to 1853 (1600 to 1853) 4. Modern era: 1853 to 1906 5. Present era: 1906 onwards HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

6. 1. Ancient Era: Ancient to 5 th Century (476 A.D) Diseases in plant have been known since ancient times. Rust, blight, mildews, smuts, were familiar to Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, Chinese and Indians. Rugveda , Athavaeda “VRIKSHAYURVED” Lord Pliny (100 A.D)- Descried plant diseases and suggested some remedies 2. Dark Era (476 A.D to 1600): Plant pathology made very little progress 1440: Printing was introduced in Europe and this reflected interest in learning science

7. 3. Pre modern Era 18 th century to 1853 (1600 to 1853) Robert Hooke 1665- The father of cell theory Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1676- described different types of protozoa and bacteria P.A Micheli 1729: An Italian Botanist studied several fungi Prevost 1807: A French Botanist suggested CuSO4 seed treatment for bunt of wheat. In 1845, late blight of potato was appeared in Ireland, over one million people get died and one and half million get migrated and the history entered the next era.

8. Modern Era 1853 to 1906: This known as pathogenic period which was devoted the study of role of fungi causing plant diseases. Anton de Bary 1853: He proved that late blight of potato was caused by phytophorn infestans . Founder or father of plant pathology. P.A. Millardet 1882-85: Use of Bordeaux mixture (CuSO4 + Lime) for control of Downey Mildew of grapes Important Contribution of Indian Psychopathologist E.J Butler:- Father of Modern Plant Pathology in India. K.C.Mehta (1892-1950): Physiology and Epidemiology of cereals rusts in country. Monograph on further studies on cereals rusts in India, in 1940. B.B.Mundkar (1896-1892) : He worked on cotton wilt in Bombay also worked on Smut Fungi.

9. DISEASE TRIANGLE

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