Plantation of Rubber By JIGNESH

plant description ,uses and many more


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1. SMT. S.M. PANCHAL SCIENCE COLLEGE, TALOD . M.Sc. Sem :- 1 Prepared By :- Prajapati Maya D. ( Roll No. 13) :- Pathan Sabanambanu D. ( Roll No. 21) :- Prajapati Jignesh M.( Roll No. 6) Paper :- BOTCC -104 Unit :- 4 Guidance By :- Dr. V. A. Patel.

2. Rubber

3. History of Ru bber Introduction Chemical compostion Hevea R ubber Plantation P roduction Processing Use of rubber

4. Two types of Rubber 1 .Natural 2.Synthetic

5. Sir Henry William brought R ubber seeds from Brazil to India in the year 1876 HISTORY OF RUBBER

6. Thailand is the largest producer of natural rubber "Natural rubber producing countries" Indonesia is in second place,malayshia in third place I ndia ranked fourth in the list of natural rubber producing countries Rubber is cultivated in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu , Assam, Tripura , Goa and Maharashtra .

7. LATEX Latex is the material that is made from trees to make rubber. Country's Largest - Producing State - Kerala Rubber Production - 85%

8. R ubber is obtained from latex of various plant of tropical and sub tropical region Mo st of the R ubber plant belong to the M oraceae , E uphorbiaceae & A pocynaceae F amily Rubber is the most Recent of the major crops of the world The latex occur in latex tuber or latex vessels found in various parts of the plants G enerally the commercial rubber are obtained from the lower part of the stem of trees

9. La tex is the mixture of water hydrocarbon resins oil protein, acids,salt ,sugar

10. C hemical composition of Rubber 1st grade latex plantation rubber contains rubber, hydrogen 92-94% ,raisin 3% protin 2% ash 0.2% in hevea rubber Rubber hydrocarbon also known as caoutchouc (an elastic hydrocarbon polymer) is colorless, odorless transparent and elastic

11. It consist of long chains of Isoprene units connected end to end through 1:4 linkages Rubber is oxidised by nitric acid potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide Latex is the polymer cis-1,4-polyisoprene – with a molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000  daltons Typically, a small percentage (up to 5% of dry mass) of other materials, such as proteins, fatty acids, resins, and inorganic materials (salts) are found in natural rubbe r

12. Natural rubber is also known as Cis-1,4 polyIsoprene Rubber is oxidised by nitric acid potassium - permanganate and hydrogen peroxide Natural rubber is an elastomer and a thermoplastic. Once the rubber is vulcanized, it turns into a  thermoset . Most rubber indegraded but not destroyed

13. Hevea Rubber Class : Dicotyledonae Sub class : Apetalae Series : Unesexules Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Hevea Spp. : brasiliensis

14. morphology of the Rubber yielding plant hevea brasiliensis Hevea brasiliensis is a stout Fast growing profusely branched tree Leaves are Compound which acute apex Flowers are small, green, unisexual having pleasant Fragrance

15. Inflorescence is pencil The male flower and developed towards lower part of inflorescence axis where female flowers are developed forwar the top. Fruit is capsule type which is tripartite

16. The Hevea or para rubber tree normally is the source of from 95-98% of the rubber produced throughout the world It is large tree attaining a height of 60-100 ft or more and a girth of 8-12ft. Th e para rubber tree often simply called rubber tree is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and the most economically important member of the genus Hevea

17. It is of major economic importance because it sup-like extract (known as latex) is the primary source of natural rubber

18. In india rubber plantation were 1st started in Kerala state in 1905 ,since then many other areas have been brought under rubber cultivation Rubber grown well in highly weathered soils consisting of lateritic soil T he temperature ranges from 60 F to 95 F, there is large variation winter summer temperature The economic life of rubber tree is 30-35 year Plantation :

19. they are rich in nitrogen but poor in mineral constituent newly opened jungle is considered to be the most suitable for rubber cultivation cold weather and high wind speed affect production

20. Water table should be well below 1m to ensure good aeration for root penetration pH 4.5 - 6 Agro climatic requirements : Can be grown 10N to 10S lattitude Rainfall - 2000mm Te mperature. - 25-28 °C Humidity - 80% Sunshine - 2000 hrs/year (6 hrs/day)

21. Types of planting Se ed at stake planting : Planting seeds in situ is not found very successful in the country 2. Stump planting : seedlings raised in nurseries are transplanted after pruning the stem at a height of 45-60 Cm from the collar 3. Budded stump planting : seedlings raised in nursery area budded and transplanted after pruning the stem at about 8Cm from the bud patch

22. 4. Polybag plant : These plants are raised in two ways (a) Raise stock seedlings in polybags and afterwards green bud them at the appropriate stage and transplant (b) Green budded stumps are planted in polybags of appropriate size and transplanted in both the casses , transplanting can be done when the plants attain either 2-3 whorls or 6-7 whorls of leaves

23. latex is obtained by tapping from the bark of the tree. tapping is a process of controlled wounding T he latex is then collected in coconut shell. which is placed below the spout tapping should start early in the morning (tapping time 5am to 9am) when the flow of latex is high The flow stops after two or three hours and the latex is collected buckets and taken to the collection she'd or factory

24. I mmediately after the latex reaches the factory it is weighed and the impurities are removed from it by sieving It is then poured into aluminium trays of standard size or into bigger tanks formic acid or acetic acid of standard strength is added to the latex so as to coagulate in into a soft mass of whitish colour tapping knife

25. This is washed in running water and pressed between smooth rollers to remove the water and convert the mass of rubber into sheets. T he sheets are then passed through grooved marking rollers The wet sheets are dried partially in shade and then taken to smoke houses for through drying for 4 to 5 days at a temperature of 43 C – 60 C Af ter which the sheets are graded according to quality and packed desputch to manufacturers

26. Us e of R ubber : Rubber is now used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products for the industries services and also for domestic purposes Nearly 50,000 different products require rubber for their fabrication either directly or indirectly About 75% of the total rubber consumption is accounted for by tyres and tubes of automobile About 6% of the total world production is utilized in footwear industry and about 4% for wire and cable insulation

27. The hand gloves used in electricity and hospital are made up of rubber Hard rubber is mostly used in electrical and radio 📻 engineering industries Sponge rubber is used in carpenting ,Different agricultural equipment are made from rubbers

28. Other uses of rubber are footwear components wire and cable insulation carpet backing conveyor belts etc.

29. Answer the questions :- 1. Which country largest producer natural rubber ? Ans : Thailand. 2. India ranked ……… in the list of natural rubber producing countries? Ans: 4 th 3. Wich Family belong to Hevea Brasillinsis ? Ans: Euphorbiaceae.

30. Guidance by :- Dr. V.A .Patel.